Viral Infection and Obesity: Current Status and Future Prospective

Sohrab, Sayed Sartaj; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad; Atkinson, Richard L.; Alawi, Maha; Azhar, Esam I.

doi:10.2174/1389200218666170116110443

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Immunologically, chronic inflammation accompanies persistent infections (either locally or systemically) as well as microbiota dysbiosis [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. In addition, persistent infections could also retain energy storage via adipogenesis at adipose depots for immune preparation [5,13,14]. The visceral adipose depots in mammals, as counterparts of the insect fat body which functions as both a storage and an immune organ, may evolutionarily enhance their role in anabolic storage for combat readiness when facing long-term defense risks posed by pathogenic persistence [4,11,12,13,14].…”

Section: Viral Infectobesity: the Association Of Chronic Viral Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, persistent infections could also retain energy storage via adipogenesis at adipose depots for immune preparation [5,13,14]. The visceral adipose depots in mammals, as counterparts of the insect fat body which functions as both a storage and an immune organ, may evolutionarily enhance their role in anabolic storage for combat readiness when facing long-term defense risks posed by pathogenic persistence [4,11,12,13,14]. In this context, recent studies have associated obesity with numerous microbial agents in both humans and animal models—a phenomenon described as infectobesity [15,16,17].…”

Section: Viral Infectobesity: the Association Of Chronic Viral Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbial infections generally beget inflammation and alter metabolic function in surrounding cells or even systemically in the animal body. In this review, we recap the evidence of viral agents in association with obesity and relevant metabolic syndrome [13,14,15,16,17]. In addition to examination of the major viruses or virus-like agents (VLA) that have been associated with obesity, we emphasize shared immune responses underlying the viral infectobesity.…”

Section: Viral Infectobesity: the Association Of Chronic Viral Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to these, we emphasize the sequential immuno-metabolic adaption to persistent viral infections, especially the subverted IFN response, which emerges as a key drive for adipogenesis and obesity-associated immune suppression. This, in turn, underlies reciprocal causality between obesity and higher susceptibility of obese individuals to viral infections [11,12,13,14,15,16].…”

Section: Viral Infectobesity: the Association Of Chronic Viral Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral Infections and Interferons in the Development of Obesity

et al. 2019

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Obesity is now a prevalent disease worldwide and has a multi-factorial etiology. Several viruses or virus-like agents including members of adenoviridae, herpesviridae, slow virus (prion), and hepatitides, have been associated with obesity; meanwhile obese patients are shown to be more susceptible to viral infections such as during influenza and dengue epidemics. We examined the co-factorial role of viral infections, particularly of the persistent cases, in synergy with high-fat diet in induction of obesity. Antiviral interferons (IFNs), as key immune regulators against viral infections and in autoimmunity, emerge to be a pivotal player in the regulation of adipogenesis. In this review, we examine the recent evidence indicating that gut microbiota uphold intrinsic IFN signaling, which is extensively involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism. However, the prolonged IFN responses during persistent viral infections and obesogenesis comprise reciprocal causality between virus susceptibility and obesity. Furthermore, some IFN subtypes have shown therapeutic potency in their anti-inflammation and anti-obesity activity.

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Section: Viral Infectobesity: the Association Of Chronic Viral Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Viral Infectobesity: the Association Of Chronic Viral Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Viral Infectobesity: the Association Of Chronic Viral Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Viral Infectobesity: the Association Of Chronic Viral Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral Infections and Interferons in the Development of Obesity

et al. 2019

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“…Among the causative factors of obesity, a rather newly proposed theory is viral infections [9]. Human adenovirus-36 (ADV-36) through the effect of viral E4orf1 gene on lipogenic enzymes may induce host adipogenesis [10,11]. The association of ADV-36 infection and obesity has been reported by some research groups in children [12][13][14] and in adults, as well [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating effect of vitamin D status on serum anti-adenovirus 36 antibody amount in children with obesity: National Food and Nutrition Surveillance

2020

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Background: The association of ADV-36 infection and obesity has been reported in children. The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the association between ADV-36 infection and adiposity may be mediated by sub-optimal vitamin D status of the host. Methods: Ninety one apparently healthy children in different weight categories (normal weight: 33, overweight: 33, obesity: 25) aged 5-18 years were randomly selected from the registered population at National Food and Nutrition Surveillance Program (NFNS). The groups were matched based on age and sex. Anthropometric, biochemical and serological assessments were performed. Results: The amount of anti-ADV36-Ab increased whereas circulating concentrations of 25(OH) D decreased across BMI categories with higher amounts in children with normal weight than in children with overweight and obesity (31.0 ± 16.4, 22.5 ± 10.5 and 21.9 ± 9.8 nmol/L, respectively, p = 0.004). Logistic regression analysis revealed that for each unit increment of anti-ADV36-Ab, the chance of increase in weight was 8.5 times (OR: 8.5, p = 0.029). Interestingly, when 25(OH) D was introduced into the model, anti-ADV36-Ab was no longer the predictor of weight increment and the chance of increase in weight reduced 5% for each unit increase in 25(OH) D concentration (OR: 0.95, p = 0.012). Conclusion: It is suggested that ADV36-induced lipogenesis may be mediated by vitamin D deficiency in children with obesity.

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Presence of human adenovirus 36 in visceral fat tissue, viral load, and analysis of its genetic variability

Sanchez-Aguillon

Alarcon-Valdes

Rojano-Rodríguez

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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It has been proposed that infection by adipogenic viruses constitutes a “low risk” factor for obesity. Here, we report the presence of adenovirus 36 (Ad36) and its viral load copy number in fat tissue of participants with obesity and normal weight; phylogenetic analysis was performed to describe their relationship and genetic variability among viral haplotypes. Adipose tissue obtained from 105 adult patients with obesity (cases) and 26 normal‐weight adult participants as controls were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) amplifying the partial Ad36 E1a gene. The amplicons were examined by melting curves and submitted to sequencing. Then, genetic diversity and phylogenetic inferences were performed. Ad36 was identified at rates of 82% and 46% in the case and control groups, respectively (p = 1.1 × 10−4, odds ratio = 5.28); viral load copies were also significantly different between both groups, being 25% higher in the case group. Melting curve analysis showed clear amplification among positive samples. Phylogenetic inferences and genetic diversity analyses showed that the Ad36 E1a gene exhibits low genetic variability and differentiation with strong gene flow due to an expanding process. Our results suggest that the phenomenon of infectobesity by Ad36 might not be a low‐risk factor, as has been previously argued by other authors.

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Viral Infection and Obesity: Current Status and Future Prospective

Abstract: Therefore, the identification and management of important contributory factors by identifying the regulation of adipocyte differentiation leading to a chronic condition like adipogenesis and insulin resistance resulting in obesity is an urgent requirement globally for human health.

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Viral Infections and Interferons in the Development of Obesity

Viral Infections and Interferons in the Development of Obesity

Modulating effect of vitamin D status on serum anti-adenovirus 36 antibody amount in children with obesity: National Food and Nutrition Surveillance

Presence of human adenovirus 36 in visceral fat tissue, viral load, and analysis of its genetic variability

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