Viral Hepatitis Endemicity and Trends among an Asymptomatic Adult Population in Ho: A 5-Year Retrospective Study at the Ho Municipal Hospital, Ghana

Lokpo, Sylvester Yao; Osei-Yeboah, James; Norgbe, Gameli Kwame; Owiafe, Patrick K.; Ayroe, Felix; Ussher, Francis Abeku; Dakorah, Mavis Popuelle; Deku, John Gameli; Manaphraim, Nana Yaw Barimah; Asiamah, Emmanuel Akomanin; Ntoni, Tibemponi; Nyamadi, Prince Senyo Kwasi; Boakye, Emmanuel E.; Avorkliyah, Roseline

doi:10.1155/2017/6174743

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These HBV and or HCV seroprevalence patterns are not different from previous studies from Ghana that involved the general population (i.e. HIV uninfected individuals) where the seroprevalences in most cases ranged from 6.94 to 15.8% for HBsAg and 1.84 to 8.4% for HCV [14–17, 19]. Only two studies reported lower seroprevalences, 5.5% for HBsAg [18] and 0.4% for HCV [16].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…However, in Ghana although HIV, HBV and HCV are public health issues, free HBV and HCV laboratory testing and treatment are not provided side-by-side HIV testing and treatment due to lack of resources and this might have negative effect on the efficacy of the regimens used to manage them. In Ghana, the estimated HIV prevalence is 1.47%, and that of HBV and HCV reported in the general population are 5.5–15.8% and 0.4–8.4% respectively [13–19]. However, studies on HBV and HCV among HIV infected individuals are limited and most of these studies were done at a single site, with HBV prevalence ranging from 2.4 to 41.7% while 1.0% has been reported for HCV [20, 21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infections in Ghanaian HIV positive cohort: a consideration for their health care

et al. 2019

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Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly decreased HIV/AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. However, globally, many people living with HIV die from non-AIDS related illnesses including liver diseases which occur partly due to co-infection with HBV and or HCV. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV among HIV infected individuals receiving care from three different hospitals in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods This research was a case-case study. The population consisted of ART naive persons (newly confirmed HIV cases) and those who had been on ART for more than 3 months (old cases). Each individual’s sociodemographic characteristics and clinical data including their HBV and HCV status were collected. Those who knew their HBV and HCV status and those who did not know their status were tested for circulating HBsAg and anti-HCV using rapid diagnostic test cassettes. Descriptive analysis was done, and the data presented as median with interquartile range, frequency and percentage. Fisher’s exact test and Pearson Chi-square (χ 2 ) test were used to determine associations between categorical variables. Results Overall, 394 HIV individuals aged, 3 to 76 years old with a median age of 41 (IQR:34–49) participated in this study. Circulating HBsAg and anti-HCV were detected in 6.1% (24/394) and 0.5% (2/393) participants respectively with an overall seroprevalence of 6.6% (26/394). None of the participants was positive for both HBV and HCV infections. 92.1% (363/394) had no information on their HBV status while all the 394 participants did not know their HCV status during data collection. No significant association of HBV infection rate was found in all the socio-demographic data of the participants. But HBV infection rates were significantly higher in those at WHO clinical stages 2 and 3 ( P = 0.004). Conclusion HBV and HCV were detected among the HIV-infected participants. Majority of the participants had no information on their HBV status and none of the participants had information on his or her HCV status. This study recommends the need for policy makers to provide free HBV and HCV screening for all HIV infected individuals for their effective management.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infections in Ghanaian HIV positive cohort: a consideration for their health care

et al. 2019

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“…A total of three studies [32][33][34] reported HBV prevalence among blood donors with a total sample size of 16 192 participants. The hepatitis B prevalence ranged from 6.94% to 7.50% with a pooled prevalence of 7.17% (CI: 6.78-7.57) (S3 Appendix).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hepatitis B Among Blood Donorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of viral hepatitis B in Ghana between 2015 and 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Chronic hepatitis B (HBV) remains a significant public health problem in Ghana and past reviews conducted could not calculate a nationwide prevalence of the disease due to lack of primary research for some regions of the country. We therefore conducted this study to summarize and update the available information on HBV infection burden (prevalence) in Ghana from 2015-2019.We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to retrieve primary studies published in peer-reviewed journals from November 2015 to September 2019, assessing the prevalence of HBV among the Ghanaian populace. The review included 21 studies across all ten old regions of Ghana with a total sample population of 29 061. The HBV prevalence was estimated for subpopulations as follows: 8.36% in the adult population, 14.30% in the adolescent population, and 0.55% in children under five years (pre-school). Among adults, HBV infection prevalence was the highest in the special occupation group (14.40%) and the lowest prevalence rate of 7.17% was recorded among blood donors. Prevalence was lower in the north than in the southern part of the country. The Ashanti region had the most studies at 6/21 (29%), while no study was identified for the Upper West region. Across the country, the highest HBV infection prevalence rates were recorded in the age group of 20-40 years. The burden of hepatitis B is enormous and remains an important public health issue in Ghana. Addressing the issue will require an integrated public health strategy and rethinking of the implementation gaps in the current HBV infection control program. This will help propel the country towards eliminating the disease by 2030.

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“…The disease has been documented to cause between 600,000 to 800,000 deaths every year [3,[7][8][9][10] . In Sub-Saharan Africa, about 8% of the population are chronic carriers of HBV with the highest rate of 2.8% in the West African sub-region including Ghana where an estimated national prevalence of 12.3% in a systemic review has been documented [11] . Infection with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the associated pathological outcome are analogous to those of HBV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections: A Five-Year Retrospective Study Among Blood Donors in Saboba District in the Northern Region of Ghana

Nlankpe

Owiafi

Adedia

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background and Objectives: Chronic hepatitis B and C infections are capable of progressing to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Globally, it has been estimated that over 2 billion and 170 million people are living with hepatitis B and C infections, respectively. Ghana remains one of the highly endemic countries challenged by continues spread of these viral agents in Africa. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and trend of Hepatitis B and C coinfections among blood donors in Saboba District of the Northern Region of Ghana. Methods: A five-year hospital based retrospective study was carried out among 8,605 blood donors comprising 8517 males and 88 females using data on blood donors from Saboba Assemblies of God Hospital located in the Saboba District in the Northern Region of Ghana from 2013 to 2017. Blood bank records on HBV and HCV potential blood donors who visited the hospital to donate blood was retrieved. Donor demographic details, i.e. age and gender were also recovered. Donors who were registered to the hospital but were not residents of the Northern Region were excluded from the study. Donors with incomplete records were also excluded from the study. The data was managed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet 2016 and analysed using GraphPad Prism statistical software. Results: The overall prevalence of asymptomatic viral hepatitis B and C infection in the general adult population was 9.59% and 12.71%, respectively, with an HBV/HCV coinfection rate of 2.23%. The number of donors generally declined with advancement in years from 2038 (23.68%) since 2013 to as low as 1169 (13.59%) in 2016, except for 2017 where a sharp increase of 1926 (22.38%) was observed. The first and second highest proportions of donors fell within the age categories of 20-29 [51.53% (4434)] and 30-39 [32.90% (2831)]. Seroprevalence rate of HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV coinfection rates were generally higher among the female group than observed among the male category. The year-to-year variation in HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV infection was statistically significant. The highest year-to-year HBV seropositivity rate was 11.48% in the year 2013, while that for HCV and HBV/HCV coinfection was 16.24% and 5.85% respectively both documented in the year 2014. HBV and HBV/HCV coinfection rate was highest among donors aged <20 years old, while HCV seroprevalence was highest among donors aged 50-59 years old. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV among donors in the Saboba District of the Northern Region of Ghana is endemic. The HBV/HCV coinfections rate also raises serious concern owing to its high prevalence rate among the younger age. Intensive public health education coupled with mobile screening and mass vaccination of seronegative individuals is advised so as to help curb further spread of the infection and in effect help safeguard the health status of potential donors in the district.

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Viral Hepatitis Endemicity and Trends among an Asymptomatic Adult Population in Ho: A 5-Year Retrospective Study at the Ho Municipal Hospital, Ghana

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infections in Ghanaian HIV positive cohort: a consideration for their health care

Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infections in Ghanaian HIV positive cohort: a consideration for their health care

Prevalence of viral hepatitis B in Ghana between 2015 and 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections: A Five-Year Retrospective Study Among Blood Donors in Saboba District in the Northern Region of Ghana

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