Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Antibodies in Nigerian Populations

Tomori, Oyewale; Fabiyi, A; Sorungbe, A. O. O.; Smith, A.M.; McCormick, Joseph B.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1988.38.407

Cited by 102 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…Infections peak between January and Mayduring the dry season -but cases are seen year round. Over 300 000 Lassa virus infections are estimated to occur annually, with several thousand deaths [4,[10][11][12]. Lassa fever occurs in all age groups and sexes, and not surprisingly given the ubiquity of the rodent host, antibody prevalence increases with age.…”

Section: The Public Health Problem Of Lassa Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a human Lassa fever vaccine

Fisher‐Hoch

McCormick

2001

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Arenaviruses, such as Lassa fever, establish chronic infections in rodents, leading to incidental transmission to humans. Lassa fever is a clinically severe disease, yet the absence of second attacks implies life-long immunity. The aim of this review is to consider whether such immunity could be provided by vaccines. The South American arenaviruses are controlled by neutralising antibody and a clinical trial of live, attenuated vaccine for Argentinian haemorrhagic fever provided 84% protection. In contrast, there is no evidence for protective humoral immunity against Old World arenaviruses which are controlled by cell-mediated immune responses. Nevertheless, vaccination with Lassa glycoproteins can protect monkeys from disease, implying that protection may be achievable, even though the immunological mechanisms are distinct. Recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing various forms of Lassa glycoproteins can protect both guinea-pigs and primates, while additional protective responses can be mounted against nucleocapsid genes. However, vaccines based upon vaccinia constructs are no longer tenable for African populations with a high seroprevalence of HIV infection. The scientific challenge now remains to find alternative methods of delivering T-cell immunity against glycoproteins from Lassa virus in ways which can overcome the local economic and political hurdles to vaccine development.

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Section: The Public Health Problem Of Lassa Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a human Lassa fever vaccine

Fisher‐Hoch

McCormick

2001

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…[12] The 21.1% seropositive prevalence found in this study conforms to what a study that reviewed different documents came up with at 21 % for Nigeria. [13,14] Although LF PCR-positive cases were mostly individuals with mean age 31.9±10.8, people of all ages are said to be susceptible, with no sex predilection. [14] The case of health workers becoming infected is in keeping with the findings in 2005 and 2008 at the Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital (EBSUTH) in Abakaliki where up to eight (8) health care workers were infected either from the hospital environment (nosocomial) or from their homes when they take care and stay with other infected individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lassa fever: A recurring decimal in Plateau state, Nigeria

Dauda¹,

Olutomi²,

Luret³

2018

Int Jour of Biomed Res

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Background: Since the first reported case of Lassa fever (LF) in Jos, Plateau state Nigeria in the early 70's, the state has been plagued with increasing number of cases. This could be due to poor environmental practices, food and personal hygiene. By the end of August 2017 there were 42 reported cases with 15 confirmed cases. Sadly, over the years there have been challenges with reporting and investigation of cases. This could be due to weak health systems commonly seen in developing countries. Methods and Materials:We reviewed 2012-2016 surveillance data from the State Ministry of Health (SMoH) using Microsoft Excel. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the reported LF cases in the state. Results: Between the years 2012 -2016 there were 109 reported LF cases, with 57 (52.3%) males and 52 (47.7%) females. The mean age of the reported cases was 27.9± 13.6 years. Out of these, 23 (21.1%) were confirmed cases: 1 (4.5%) in 2012, none in 2013, 2014 and 2015, and 21 (91.3%) in 2016.The male: female ratio was10 (43.5%): 13 (56.5%). Six (26.1%) of the confirmed cases were health workers. The case fatality rate of the confirmed cases was 52.2%. Even though there is significant association between LF and death (P-value = 0.003) the odds ratio, 0.215 (95% CI) is low. The reporting years show consistent increasing trend from 2012 to 2016, except for 2015 where there was a decline in the number of reported cases. In 2016 there were 74 (67.9%) cases, 5 (4.6%) in 2015, 15 (13.7%) in 2014, 12 (11.0%) in 2013 and 3 (2.6%) in 2012. Conclusion: Even though reported cases are increasing, there are still gaps observed in the surveillance system of the SMoH. The annual recurrence of LF outbreak in the state without reciprocal preventive efforts on ground to combating it has exposed the populace and health workers to ill-health and death.

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“…Up to 20% of susceptible persons seroconvert to Lassa antibodies per year in selected villages in Sierra Leone, often without experiencing severe illness [8]. Serosurveys reveal a prevalence of Lassa antibodies of up to 50% in some areas of West Africa [7,8,10,13]. Lassa virus expresses only four proteins, two of which ± nucleoprotein (NP) and glycoprotein ± have been shown to induce antibodies following infection [2,6,7,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to Lassa virus Z protein and nucleoprotein co-occur in human sera from Lassa fever endemic regions

Günther

Kühle

Rehder

et al. 2001

Med Microbiol Immunol

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It is not known whether the small 11-kDa Z protein of Lassa virus is immunogenic during human Lassa virus infection. To obtain evidence for the existence of an antibody response and to test the suitability of these antibodies for serosurveys, sera from Lassa fever endemic regions (Guinea and Nigeria, n = 75) were tested for co-reactivity to Z protein and nucleoprotein (NP). Sera from a non-endemic region (Uganda, n = 50) served as a specificity control. Z protein and NP were expressed in Escherichia coli, affinity-purified, and used as antigen in Western blot. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) with Lassa virus-infected cells was performed for comparison. Due to high unspecific reactivity of the African sera, Western blot testing was performed with a 1:1,000 serum dilution. Under these conditions, none of the control sera but 12% of the sera from endemic regions co-reacted with both Z protein and NP. Reactivity to Z protein was significantly associated with NP reactivity (P < 10(-6)). NP and Z protein-specific antibodies were co-detected in 33% of the IIF-positive sera and in 5% of the IIF-negative sera (P = 0.001). These data provide evidence for appearance of antibodies to Z protein and NP following Lassa virus infection. A recombinant blot for detection of both antibody specificities seems to be specific but less sensitive than IIF.

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Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Antibodies in Nigerian Populations

Cited by 102 publications

References 0 publications

Towards a human Lassa fever vaccine

Towards a human Lassa fever vaccine

Lassa fever: A recurring decimal in Plateau state, Nigeria

Antibodies to Lassa virus Z protein and nucleoprotein co-occur in human sera from Lassa fever endemic regions

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