Viral genes and cellular markers associated with neurological complications during herpesvirus infections

Abstract

Despite the importance of neurological disorders associated with herpesviruses, the mechanism by which these viruses influence the central nervous system (CNS) has not been definitively established. Owing to the limitations of studying neuropathogenicity of human herpesviruses in their natural host, many aspects of their pathogenicity and immune response are studied in animal models. Here, we present an important model system that enables studying neuropathogenicity of herpesviruses in the natural host. Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes a devastating neurological disease (EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy; EHM) in horses. Like other alphaherpesviruses, our understanding of virus neuropathogenicity in the natural host beyond the essential role of viraemia is limited. In particular, information on the role of different viral proteins for virus transfer to the spinal cord endothelium in vivo is lacking. In this study, the contribution of two viral proteins, DNA polymerase (ORF30) and glycoprotein D (gD), to the pathogenicity of EHM was addressed. Furthermore, different cellular immune markers, including alpha-interferon (IFN-α), gamma-interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), were identified to play a role during the course of the disease.

Evaluation of Viral Migration of Different Variants of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 in the Central Nervous System of Hamsters by Immunohistochemistry

“…Analyzed together, these data reinforcing the hypothesis that factors other than only a specific genotype mutation can also be involved in the neuropathogenicity of EHV-1, such as innate response, glycoproteins (gI, gE) and different cellular immune markers, including alpha-interferon (IFN-α), gamma-interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) that were identified to play a role during the course of the disease in experimental animal models [19,37,[50][51][52][53][54][55].…”

Report of the Fourth International Havemeyer Workshop on Equid Herpesviruses (EHV) EHV‐1, EHV‐2 and EHV‐5

“…Further experiments attempted to identify viral factors which correlated with the development of EHM. Ponies were infected experimentally with either wild-type Ab4 (wtAb4) or an Ab N 752 mutant or an Ab4 mutant in which EHV-4 glycoprotein D (gD) replaced the wild-type gD [13]. Compared with wild-type Ab4 infected ponies, infection with the mutants resulted in decreased neurological disease and significantly higher IFNc and IL10 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).…”

Epizootical situation on herpes virus infections, leptospirosis and gelminthosis in horses in several regions of Ukraine

“…Кінний вірус герпесу 1 типу (EHV-1) є важливою причиною мієлоенцефалопатії та респіраторного захворювання у коней. Незважаючи на важливість неврологічних розладів, пов'язаних з герпесвірусами, механізм, за допомогою якого ці віруси впливають на центральну нервову систему, не були остаточно встановлені (Negussie et al, 2017;Holz et al, 2017). У всіх племінних кінних господарствах реєструються герпесвірусні інфекції першого і другого типів та лептоспіроз, а також зустрічаються паразитарні захворювання (Halatiuk et al, 2012;Halatiuk et al, 2016).…”