Viral excretion and antibody titers in children infected with hepatitis A virus from an orphanage in western India

Hundekar, Supriya; Thorat, Neeta; Gurav, Yogesh K.; Lole, Kavita S.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2015.10.012

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…46 There are limited data on shedding of HAV in excretions of infected individuals, however, it has been documented in feces, sputum, and urine of infected individuals. [15][16][17]47 HAV can be detected in stool up to 45 days after infection, though the concentration of these detections drops off rapidly the week after infection. 47,48 It has been noted that in some immunocompromised patients, replication of the HAV virus can occur despite vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15][16][17]47 HAV can be detected in stool up to 45 days after infection, though the concentration of these detections drops off rapidly the week after infection. 47,48 It has been noted that in some immunocompromised patients, replication of the HAV virus can occur despite vaccination. 49 Hundekar et al showed that infected asymptomatic persons may shed the virus at elevated concentrations for longer periods of time than symptomatic persons, even if HAV antibodies are present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…49 Hundekar et al showed that infected asymptomatic persons may shed the virus at elevated concentrations for longer periods of time than symptomatic persons, even if HAV antibodies are present. 47 Further studies on shedding in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals, in various bodily excretions,is necessary to further link HAV wastewater concentrations to occurrence of infections in the contributing population. 49 The early detection of viral occurrence in a community is a key measure that allows public health officials to enact appropriate responses such as vaccination campaigns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Detection ofHepatovirus A(HAV) in wastewater indicates widespread national distribution and association with socioeconomic indicators of vulnerability

Zulli,

Chan,

Boehm

2024

Preprint

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Wastewater-based epidemiology, which seeks to assess disease occurrence in communities through measurements of infectious disease biomarkers in wastewater, may represent a valuable tool for understanding occurrence of hepatitis A infections in communities. In this study, we measured concentrations of Hepatovirus A (HAV) RNA, in samples from 191 wastewater treatment plants spanning 40 US states and the District of Columbia from September 2023 to June 2024 and compared the measurements with traditional measures of disease occurrence. Nationally, 13.76% of the 21,602 wastewater samples were positive for HAV RNA, and both concentrations and positivity rates were associated with NNDSS hepatitis A case data nationally (Kendall rank correlation coefficient = 0.20, concentrations; and 0.33, positivity rate; both p<0.05). We further demonstrated that higher rates of wastewater HAV detection were positively associated with socioeconomic indicators of vulnerability including homelessness and drug overdose deaths (both p<0.0001). Areas with above average levels of homelessness were 48% more likely to have HAV wastewater detections, while areas with above average levels of drug overdose deaths were 14% more likely to have HAV wastewater detections. Using more granular case data, we present a case study in the state of Maine that reinforces these results and suggests a potential lead time for wastewater over clinical case detection and exposure events. The ability to detect HAV RNA in wastewater before clinical cases emerge could allow public health officials to implement targeted interventions like vaccination campaigns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Detection ofHepatovirus A(HAV) in wastewater indicates widespread national distribution and association with socioeconomic indicators of vulnerability

Zulli,

Chan,

Boehm

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…HAV vaccination may be important for patients with chronic liver diseases, especially those with cirrhosis [ 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ]. While a universal vaccination program against HAV seems to be the most effective solution for the prevention of HAV infection, it may be difficult to carry out this program worldwide due to the high costs of HAV vaccine production and its low effectiveness in certain countries in which the infection is endemic [ 88 , 95 ]. HAV vaccination targeting certain populations may also be effective and important in this regard [ 96 ].…”

Section: Prevention Of Hav Infection In Patients With Chronic LIVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Occurrence of Hepatitis A Infection and Chronic Liver Disease

Sasaki

Masuzaki

Takahashi

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection occasionally leads to a critical condition in patients with or without chronic liver diseases. Acute-on-chronic liver disease includes acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and non-ACLF. In this review, we searched the literature concerning the association between HAV infection and chronic liver diseases in PubMed. Chronic liver diseases, such as metabolic associated fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, coinfection with other viruses, and host genetic factors may be associated with severe hepatitis A. It is important to understand these conditions and mechanisms. There may be no etiological correlation between liver failure and HAV infection, but there is an association between the level of chronic liver damage and the severity of acute-on-chronic liver disease. While the application of an HAV vaccination is important for preventing HAV infection, the development of antivirals against HAV may be important for preventing the development of ACLF with HAV infection as an acute insult. The latter is all the more urgent given that the lives of patients with HAV infection and a chronic liver disease of another etiology may be at immediate risk.

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Use of Pathogen-Specific Antibody Biomarkers to Estimate Waterborne Infections in Population-Based Settings

Exum

Pisanic

Granger

et al. 2016

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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Purpose of review This review discusses the utility of pathogen-specific antibody biomarkers for improving estimates of the population burden of waterborne infections, assessing the fraction of infections that can be prevented by specific water treatments, and understanding transmission routes and the natural history and ecology of disease in different populations (including asymptomatic infection rates). Recent findings We review recent literature on the application of pathogen-specific antibody response data to estimate incidence and prevalence of acute infections and their utility to assess the contributions of waterborne transmission pathways. Advantages and technical challenges associated with the use of serum versus minimally invasive salivary antibody biomarkers in cross-sectional and prospective surveys are discussed. Summary We highlight recent advances and challenges and outline future directions for research, development, and application of antibody-based and other immunological biomarkers of waterborne infections.

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Viral excretion and antibody titers in children infected with hepatitis A virus from an orphanage in western India

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Detection ofHepatovirus A(HAV) in wastewater indicates widespread national distribution and association with socioeconomic indicators of vulnerability

Detection ofHepatovirus A(HAV) in wastewater indicates widespread national distribution and association with socioeconomic indicators of vulnerability

Co-Occurrence of Hepatitis A Infection and Chronic Liver Disease

Use of Pathogen-Specific Antibody Biomarkers to Estimate Waterborne Infections in Population-Based Settings

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