Viral Etiology of Respiratory Tract Infections in Children at the Pediatric Hospital in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Ouédraogo, S.; Traoré, B.; Bi, Zah Ange Brice Nene; Yonli, F.; Kima, Donatien; Bonané, P.; Congo, Lassané; Traoré, Renan Ernest; Yé, Diarra; Marguet, Christophe; Plantier, Jean‐Christophe; Vabret, Astrid; Gueudin, Marie

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110435

Cited by 48 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Among the cases in which HPIV and HCoV were detected, HPIV type 3 and HCoV type OC43 were the predominant types, and this is consistent with previous studies . In this study, INFs were detected in 8.5% of the cases, which is in agreement with findings from the national influenza surveillance and other related studies in Africa among patients hospitalized with SARI . A higher influenza positivity proportion has been reported among outpatients with influenza‐like illness …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Molecular detection of respiratory pathogens among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile acute respiratory infections: A prospective hospital‐based observational study in Niamey, Niger

Lagaré

Ousmane

Dano

et al. 2019

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aims:In Niger, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the second most common cause of death in children aged younger than 5 years. However, the etiology of ARI is poorly understood in the country. This study aims to describe viral and bacterial infections among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile ARI at two hospitals in Niamey, Niger's capital city, and the reported clinical procedures. Methods:We conducted a prospective study among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile ARI at two national hospitals in Niamey between January and December 2015. Clinical presentation and procedures during admission were documented using a standardized case investigation form. Nasopharyngeal specimens collected from each patient were tested for a panel of respiratory viruses and bacteria using the Fast Track Diagnostic 21 Plus kit.Results: We enrolled and tested 638 children aged younger than 5 years, of whom 411 (64.4%) were aged younger than 1 year, and 15 (2.4%) died during the study period. Overall, 496/638 (77.7%) specimens tested positive for at least one respiratory virus or bacterium; of these, 195 (39.3%) tested positive for respiratory viruses, 126 (25.4%) tested positive for respiratory bacteria, and 175 (35.3%) tested positive for both respiratory viruses and bacteria. The predominant viruses detected were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (149/638; 23.3%), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) types 1 to 4 (78/638; 12.2%), human rhinovirus (HRV) (62/638; 9.4%), human adenovirus (HAV) (60/638; 9.4%), and influenza virus (INF) (52/638; 8.1%). Streptococcus pneumoniae (249/638; 39.0%) was the most frequently detected bacterium, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (112/638; 12.2%) and Haemophilus influenzae type B (16/638; 2.5%). Chest X-rays were performed at the discretion of the attending physician on 301 (47.2%) case patients. Of these patients, 231 (76.7%) had abnormal

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Molecular detection of respiratory pathogens among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile acute respiratory infections: A prospective hospital‐based observational study in Niamey, Niger

Lagaré

Ousmane

Dano

et al. 2019

Health Science Reports

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“…Similar to our findings, a study conducted by Koul et al has shown that influenza and rhinovirus were most commonly detected in respiratory samples [15]. However, RSV has been considered as a main etiologic agent of upper respiratory tract infection and pneumonia in children [16] even though rhinoviruses were most frequently detected. In our study, CoV-OC43, CoV-229E, MPV A-B, bocavirus, enterovirus, and parainfluenza virus 1 and 3 coinfections were found in children infected with influenza, which is underreported in Nepal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Etiology of Coinfections in Children with Influenza during 2015/16 Winter Season in Nepal

Upadhyay

Banjara

Shrestha

et al. 2018

International Journal of Microbiology

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Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the major public health problems in developing countries like Nepal. Besides the influenza, several other pathogens are responsible for acute respiratory infection in children. Etiology of infections is poorly characterized at the course of clinical management, and hence empirical antimicrobial agents are used. The objective of this study was to characterize the influenza and other respiratory pathogens by real-time PCR assay. A total of 175 throat swab specimens of influenza-positive cases collected at National Influenza Center, Nepal, during the 2015/16 winter season were selected for detecting other respiratory copathogens. Total nucleic acid was extracted using Pure Link viral RNA/DNA mini kit (Invitrogen), and multiplex RT-PCR assays were performed. Influenza A and B viruses were found in 120 (68.6%) and 55 (31.4%) specimens, respectively, among which coinfections were found in 106 (60.6%) specimens. Among the influenza A-positive cases, 25 (20.8%) were A/H1N1 pdm09 and 95 (79.2%) were A/H3 subtypes. Viruses coinfected frequently with influenza virus in children were rhinovirus (26; 14.8%), respiratory syncytial virus A/B (19; 10.8%), adenovirus (14; 8.0%), coronavirus (CoV)-HKU1 (14; 8.0%), CoV-OC43 (5; 2.9%), CoV-229E (2; 1.1%), metapneumovirus A/B (5; 2.9%), bocavirus (6; 3.4%), enterovirus (5; 2.9%), parainfluenza virus-1 (3; 1.7%), and parainfluenza virus-3 (2; 1.1%). Coinfection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae with influenza virus was found in children (5; 2.8%). Most of the viral infection occurred in young children below 5 years of age. In addition to influenza virus, nine different respiratory pathogens were detected, of which coinfections of rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus A/B were predominantly found in children. This study gives us better information on the respiratory pathogen profile and coinfection combinations which are important for diagnosis and treatment of ARIs.

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“…Influenza vaccination is not yet implemented in Burkina Faso and will require a proper understanding of the seasonal circulation of influenza viruses that has not reached a consensus yet. Previous surveillance studies during the early implementation of the influenza network in the country reported one peak of increased transmission but varying in timing (December 2010‐February 2011 and August‐October 2011) . A meta‐analysis using three different statistical approaches on three non‐comparable FluNet datasets (2011‐2013, 2010‐2014, and 2013‐2014) was not conclusive on the number or on the synchronicity of periods with increased influenza transmission .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Epidemiology and molecular characterization of influenza viruses in Burkina Faso, sub‐Saharan Africa

Sanou

Wandaogo

Poda

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundThe importance of influenza viruses in respiratory infections in sub‐Saharan Africa has been historically overlooked, including in Burkina Faso.ObjectivesThis study therefore aimed at evaluating the prevalence and seasonal occurrence of influenza viruses in children under 5 years old, at risk of influenza‐related complications, presenting with influenza‐like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). The study also aimed at identifying the periods with increased influenza transmission for vaccination recommendations in Burkina Faso.MethodsFrom January 2014 to December 2015, ILI and SARI (2015 only) patients were recruited in six healthcare centers in Burkina Faso. Influenza A and B molecular detection and subtyping were performed. Clade clustering of a subset of A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) strains was deduced by performing phylogenetic analyses on hemagglutinin gene sequences. Weekly surveillance data from FluNet (2011‐2013; 2016) and this study (2014‐2015) were used to identify periods of increased influenza activity.ResultsInfluenza A and B viruses were detected in 15.1% (112 of 743) of ILI and 6.6% (12 of 181) of SARI patients. Overall, influenza A viruses were largely predominant (81 of 124, 65.3%), with 69.1% of A(H3N2) and 30.9% of A(H1N1)pdm09 strains. Four waves of increased transmission were identified in 2014‐2015, each dominated by different influenza subtypes and clades. Between 2011 and 2016, periods of increased influenza activity varied in their frequency, duration, and timing.ConclusionInfluenza A and B viruses were detected in a substantial number of ILI and SARI cases in Burkina Faso. Vaccination in September‐October would likely protect the highest number of patients.

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Viral Etiology of Respiratory Tract Infections in Children at the Pediatric Hospital in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Cited by 48 publications

References 27 publications

Molecular detection of respiratory pathogens among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile acute respiratory infections: A prospective hospital‐based observational study in Niamey, Niger

Molecular detection of respiratory pathogens among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile acute respiratory infections: A prospective hospital‐based observational study in Niamey, Niger

Etiology of Coinfections in Children with Influenza during 2015/16 Winter Season in Nepal

Epidemiology and molecular characterization of influenza viruses in Burkina Faso, sub‐Saharan Africa

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