Viral etiology of prostate cancer: Genetic alterations and immune response. A literature review

Abidi, Syed Hani; Bilwani, Fareena; Ghias, Kulsoom; Abbas, Farhat

doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.02.050

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Chronic prostate inflammation (that could be induced by a viral infection) is thought to increase the risk of prostate cancer (436), and a link between prostate cancer, sexual activity and sexually-transmitted infection was reported in some studies (306). However, despite years of investigations on HPV (3,35,301,675,756,760), KSHV, EBV, BK virus, CMV (3, 301), and the "rumor" virus Xenotropic murine leukemia related virus (XMRV) (531) through serology testing or prostate tissue analysis by PCR, in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry, there is no compelling evidence for a viral etiology of prostate cancer. Nevertheless, a few studies suggested that KSHV and HPV may represent a risk factor for prostate cancer aggressiveness (239,494,756).…”

Section: Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

From Ancient to Emerging Infections: The Odyssey of Viruses in the Male Genital Tract

Tortorec

Matusali

Mahé

et al. 2020

Physiological Reviews

103

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The male genital tract (MGT) is the target of a number of viral infections that can have deleterious consequences at the individual, offspring, and population levels. These consequences include infertility, cancers of male organs, transmission to the embryo/fetal development abnormalities, and sexual dissemination of major viral pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus. Lately, two emerging viruses, Zika and Ebola, have additionally revealed that the human MGT can constitute a reservoir for viruses cleared from peripheral circulation by the immune system, leading to their sexual transmission by cured men. This represents a concern for future epidemics and further underlines the need for a better understanding of the interplay between viruses and the MGT. We review here how viruses, from ancient viruses that integrated the germline during evolution through old viruses (e.g., papillomaviruses originating from Neanderthals) and more modern sexually transmitted infections (e.g., simian zoonotic HIV) to emerging viruses (e.g., Ebola and Zika) take advantage of genital tract colonization for horizontal dissemination, viral persistence, vertical transmission, and endogenization. The MGT immune responses to viruses and the impact of these infections are discussed. We summarize the latest data regarding the sources of viruses in semen and the complex role of this body fluid in sexual transmission. Finally, we introduce key animal findings that are relevant for our understanding of viral infection and persistence in the human MGT and suggest future research directions.

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Section: Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

From Ancient to Emerging Infections: The Odyssey of Viruses in the Male Genital Tract

Tortorec

Matusali

Mahé

et al. 2020

Physiological Reviews

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[ 3 , 4 ] Until now, the detailed mechanisms and exact etiology of PA remains unclear. [ 5 ] In addition, the prevention and treatment for PA is still complicated depending on the stage of disease and the choice of single patient. [ 6 ] Therefore, it is urgent to update the molecular mechanism of PA pathogenesis and explore new targeted therapies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XPC exon15 Lys939Gln variant increase susceptibility to prostate adenocarcinoma

Feng

Gao

et al. 2020

Medicine

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“…Heritable factors and environmental factors may cause prostate cancer together. Recent research focus on the role of viral infections in prostate cancer [57]. Cytosolic DNA sensing is associated to the secretion of cytokines [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined analysis and validation for DNA methylation and gene expression profiles associated with prostate cancer

2019

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Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignancy cause of cancer deaths and frequently diagnosed in male. This study aimed to identify tumor suppressor genes, hub genes and their pathways by combined bioinformatics analysis. Methods A combined analysis method was used for two types of microarray datasets (DNA methylation and gene expression profiles) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified by the R package minfi and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out via the R package limma. A total of 4451 DMGs and 1509 DEGs, identified with nine overlaps between DMGs, DEGs and tumor suppressor genes, were screened for candidate tumor suppressor genes. All these nine candidate tumor suppressor genes were validated by TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database and Oncomine database. And then, the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed by DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery) database. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING and visualized in Cytoscape. At last, Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to validate these genes. Results The candidate tumor suppressor genes were IKZF1, PPM1A, FBP1, SMCHD1, ALPL, CASP5, PYHIN1, DAPK1 and CASP8. By validation in TCGA database, PPM1A, DAPK1, FBP1, PYHIN1, ALPL and SMCHD1 were significant. The hub genes were FGFR1, FGF13 and CCND1. These hub genes were identified from the PPI network, and sub-networks revealed by these genes were involved in significant pathways. Conclusion In summary, the study indicated that the combined analysis for identifying target genes with PCa by bioinformatics tools promote our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and underlying the development of PCa. And the hub genes might serve as molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers for precise diagnosis and treatment of PCa. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0753-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Viral etiology of prostate cancer: Genetic alterations and immune response. A literature review

Cited by 23 publications

References 47 publications

From Ancient to Emerging Infections: The Odyssey of Viruses in the Male Genital Tract

From Ancient to Emerging Infections: The Odyssey of Viruses in the Male Genital Tract

XPC exon15 Lys939Gln variant increase susceptibility to prostate adenocarcinoma

Combined analysis and validation for DNA methylation and gene expression profiles associated with prostate cancer

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