Viral Enteritis in Cattle: To Well Known Viruses and Beyond

Abstract

Livestock products supply about 13 percent of energy and 28 percent of protein in diets consumed worldwide. Diarrhea is a leading cause of sickness and death of beef and dairy calves in their first month of life and also affecting adult cattle, resulting in large economic losses and a negative impact on animal welfare. Despite the usual multifactorial origin, viruses are generally involved, being among the most important causes of diarrhea. There are several viruses that have been confirmed as etiological agents (i.e., rotavirus and coronavirus), and some viruses that are not yet confirmed as etiological agents. This review summarizes the viruses that have been detected in the enteric tract of cattle and tries to deepen and gather knowledge about them.

Genetic Characterization of a Novel Bovine Rotavirus A G37P[52] Closely Related to Human Strains

“…Other viruses such as astrovirus and norovirus were also detected. However, these last two viruses have an unclear clinical significance ( 14 ). The RVA was further genetically characterized by analyzing all viral segments separately (Genbank Accession numbers MW752838 - MW752848 ).…”

“…However, the bacteria isolated in this study were not subtyped. On the other hand, RVA has a well-studied primary role in calf diarrhea ( 4 , 14 ). Therefore, we consider that the novel boRVA was involved in the enteric disease concomitant with E. coli and C. perfringens .…”

Knowledge, attitudes and biosecurity practices among the small‐scale dairy farmers in Sylhet district, Bangladesh

“…The farms act as a source of several pathogenic microorganisms which can cause animal and human health risks (An et al., 2018 ; Castells & Colina, 2021 ; Stein & Katz, 2017 ). Infectious diseases cause severe economic losses to farms as well as result in dissatisfaction among farmers, veterinarians, consumers and different stakeholders (Makita et al., 2020 ).…”

A novel multiplex RT-qPCR assay for simultaneous detection of bovine norovirus, torovirus, and kobuvirus in fecal samples from diarrheic calves

“…6 Several viral pathogens have been associated with calf diarrhea; these pathogens can be classified as major pathogens (bovine rotavirus, coronavirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus) or minor, but increasingly important, pathogens (bovine norovirus, torovirus, kobuvirus). 4,5,24 Although several studies have examined the association between major causative agents and diarrhea in bovids, comparatively little research has been conducted on the association between minor causative agents and diarrhea. 1,2,22 Minor pathogens have been detected in feces of both healthy and sick animals.…”

“…6 Several viral pathogens have been associated with calf diarrhea; these pathogens can be classified as major pathogens (bovine rotavirus, coronavirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus) or minor, but increasingly important, pathogens (bovine norovirus, torovirus, kobuvirus). 4,5,24…”