Viral Diseases in Zebrafish: What Is Known and Unknown

Crim, Marcus J; Riley, Lela K.

doi:10.1093/ilar.53.2.135

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Some recent studies with human viruses also address that cell-and tissuespecific pathologies can be visualized with the zebrafish model. 23,[38][39][40][41] The future goal is to complement what we have learned in the mouse model and use genetic and embryological benefits of the zebrafish system to address human viral infections. There are multiple strengths in the zebrafish model, which can bring virologists, immunologists, and cell biologists together.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30,31,34,35 Although only few human viruses 21,[23][24][25][26][36][37][38][39] have been reported to infect zebrafish, the potential to take advantage of the zebrafish model is growing. There are several advantages of utilizing zebrafish to use microbial infections such as its small size, rapid breeding cycle, low maintenance cost offers large-scale infection analysis that can be very useful in defining infection requirements and confirming them in previously defined mammalian models 40,41 ( Table 3).…”

Section: Zebrafish Model: Overall Advantages To Study Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zebrafish: Modeling for Herpes Simplex Virus Infections

et al. 2014

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For many years, zebrafish have been the prototypical model for studies in developmental biology. In recent years, zebrafish has emerged as a powerful model system to study infectious diseases, including viral infections. Experiments conducted with herpes simplex virus type-1 in adult zebrafish or in embryo models are encouraging as they establish proof of concept with viral-host tropism and possible screening of antiviral compounds. In addition, the presence of human homologs of viral entry receptors in zebrafish such as 3-O sulfated heparan sulfate, nectins, and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14-like receptor bring strong rationale for virologists to test their in vivo significance in viral entry in a zebrafish model and compare the structure-function basis of virus zebrafish receptor interaction for viral entry. On the other end, a zebrafish model is already being used for studying inflammation and angiogenesis, with or without genetic manipulations, and therefore can be exploited to study viral infection-associated pathologies. The major advantage with zebrafish is low cost, easy breeding and maintenance, rapid lifecycle, and a transparent nature, which allows visualizing dissemination of fluorescently labeled virus infection in real time either at a localized region or the whole body. Further, the availability of multiple transgenic lines that express fluorescently tagged immune cells for in vivo imaging of virus infected animals is extremely attractive. In addition, a fully developed immune system and potential for receptor-specific knockouts further advocate the use of zebrafish as a new tool to study viral infections. In this review, we focus on expanding the potential of zebrafish model system in understanding human infectious diseases and future benefits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zebrafish Model: Overall Advantages To Study Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish: Modeling for Herpes Simplex Virus Infections

et al. 2014

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“…No naturally occurring viral infections have been characterized for zebrafish (10). Moreover, the experimental susceptibility of zebrafish to viral infections has been demonstrated with other fish viruses (11)(12)(13) and also with mammalian viruses (14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Pathogenic Mechanisms Of Hemorrhagic Viruses Are Diverse Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Visualization of Macrophage Pyroptosis and Interleukin-1β Release in a Viral Hemorrhagic Infection in Zebrafish Larvae

Varela

Romero

Dios

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Hemorrhagic viral diseases are distributed worldwide with important pathogens, such as dengue virus or hantaviruses. The lack of adequate in vivo infection models has limited the research on viral pathogenesis and the current understanding of the underlying infection mechanisms. Although hemorrhages have been associated with the infection of endothelial cells, other cellular types could be the main targets for hemorrhagic viruses. Our objective was to take advantage of the use of zebrafish larvae in the study of viral hemorrhagic diseases, focusing on the interaction between viruses and host cells. Cellular processes, such as transendothelial migration of leukocytes, virus-induced pyroptosis of macrophages. and interleukin-1␤ (Il-1␤) release, could be observed in individual cells, providing a deeper knowledge of the immune mechanisms implicated in the disease. Furthermore, the application of these techniques to other pathogens will improve the current knowledge of host-pathogen interactions and increase the potential for the discovery of new therapeutic targets. IMPORTANCEPathogenic mechanisms of hemorrhagic viruses are diverse, and most of the research regarding interactions between viruses and host cells has been performed in cell lines that might not be major targets during natural infections. Thus, viral pathogenesis research has been limited because of the lack of adequate in vivo infection models. The understanding of the relative pathogenic roles of the viral agent and the host response to the infection is crucial. This will be facilitated by the establishment of in vivo infection models using organisms such as zebrafish, which allows the study of the diseases in the context of a complete individual. The use of this animal model with other pathogens could improve the current knowledge on host-pathogen interactions and increase the potential for the discovery of new therapeutic targets against diverse viral diseases.

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“…59 Multiple endogenous retroviruses, retrotransposons, and retroid agent sequences have been described in the zebrafish genome 60,61 ; however, production of an infectious virion has not been reported. There is a single brief report of a naturally occurring infection of zebrafish by Red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus, a Betanodavirus.…”

Section: 51-53mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities

2016

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The presence of subclinical infection or clinical disease in laboratory zebrafish may have a significant impact on research results, animal health and welfare, and transfer of animals between institutions. As use of zebrafish as a model of disease increases, a harmonized method for monitoring and reporting the health status of animals will facilitate the transfer of animals, allow institutions to exclude diseases that may negatively impact their research programs, and improve animal health and welfare. All zebrafish facilities should implement a health monitoring program. In this study, we review important aspects of a health monitoring program, including choice of agents, samples for testing, available testing methodologies, housing and husbandry, cost, test subjects, and a harmonized method for reporting results. Facilities may use these recommendations to implement their own health monitoring program.

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Viral Diseases in Zebrafish: What Is Known and Unknown

Cited by 42 publications

References 75 publications

Zebrafish: Modeling for Herpes Simplex Virus Infections

Zebrafish: Modeling for Herpes Simplex Virus Infections

Cellular Visualization of Macrophage Pyroptosis and Interleukin-1β Release in a Viral Hemorrhagic Infection in Zebrafish Larvae

Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities

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