Viral Diarrhea

Magdesian, K. Gary; Dwyer, Roberta M.; Arguedas, Marta Gonzalez

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-0891-8.00018-x

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Samples that had less than 5.0 9 10 5 (10 5.7 ) copies/g in feces and 5.0 9 10 4 (10 4.7 ) copies/ml in nasal swabs and EDTA blood samples were considered negative for ECoV may be associated with induction of diarrhea in ECoVinfected horses. Isolation of ECoV in cell culture is difficult [7], and therefore, real-time RT-PCR was used to investigate virus shedding patterns in the horses infected with ECoV in this study. The two symptomatic horses became viremic, while the asymptomatic horse did not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental inoculation of equine coronavirus into Japanese draft horses

Nemoto

Oue

Morita³

et al. 2014

Arch Virol

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Recently, outbreaks associated with equine coronavirus (ECoV) have occurred in Japan and the United States. While ECoV is likely to be pathogenic to horses, it has not been shown that experimental inoculation of horses with ECoV produces clinical signs of disease. In this study, we inoculated three Japanese draft horses with an ECoV-positive diarrheic fecal sample to confirm infection after inoculation and to investigate the clinical course and virus shedding patterns of ECoV. Virus neutralization tests showed that all three horses became infected with ECoV. Two of the three horses developed clinical signs similar to those observed during ECoV outbreaks, including fever, anorexia, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. All horses excreted a large amount of virus into their feces for more than 9 days after inoculation regardless of the presence or absence of clinical signs, which suggests that feces are an important source of ECoV infection. ECoV was also detected in nasal swabs from all horses, suggesting that respiratory transmission of ECoV may occur. Both symptomatic horses developed viremia, while the asymptomatic horse did not. White blood cell counts and serum amyloid A concentrations changed relative to the clinical condition of the inoculated horses; these may be useful markers for monitoring the clinical status of horses infected with ECoV. This is the first report of induction of clinical signs of ECoV infection in horses by experimental inoculation. These clinical and virological findings should aid further investigation of the pathogenesis of ECoV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental inoculation of equine coronavirus into Japanese draft horses

Nemoto

Oue

Morita³

et al. 2014

Arch Virol

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“…28 Virus shedding can start before the onset of diarrhea, persists during the clinical phase, and may persist for up to12 days post resolution of diarrhea. 31 Foals with RV diarrhea presented to a referral hospital had a survival rate of 94%. 11 RV diarrhea is primarily malabsorptive but also includes a toxin-mediated secretory component.…”

Section: Rotavirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foal Diarrhea

Oliver-Espinosa

2018

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice

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Diarrhea is one of the most important diseases in young foals and may occur in more than half of foals until weaning age. Several infectious and noninfectious underlying causes have been implicated but scientific evidence of pathogenesis is evolving. It is important to investigate all known potential causes and identify infectious agents to avoid outbreaks, evaluate the level of systemic compromise, and establish adequate therapy. It is crucial to differentiate foals that can be managed in field conditions from those that should be sent to a referral center. This article reviews these aspects and recent developments in the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

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“…The current diagnosis of ECoV infection can be performed using virus isolation, electron microscopy, serology [ 9 ]. A reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplifi cation (RT-LAMP), a non-PCR -based nucleic acid amplifi cation assay, has been recently developed for the detection of ECoV in fecal samples [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%