“…The resulting floor-plate derived mDA cells showed the biochemical and electrophysiological properties of mDA neurons in vitro and resulted in more robust survival and function in vivo while reducing the risk of neural overgrowth or teratoma formation ( Kriks et al, 2011 ; Table 1 ). Since those initial studies, several groups have developed independent mDA neuron differentiation paradigms ( Kirkeby et al, 2012 , 2017 ; Sundberg et al, 2013 ; Doi et al, 2014 ; Hallett et al, 2014 ; Steinbeck et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Niclis et al, 2017 ; Gantner et al, 2020 ; Song et al, 2020 ) but all of those are based on the specification of mDA neurons via a floor-plate intermediate ( Figure 1 ).…”