Viral Coinfections

Du, Yanting; Wang, Chen; Zhang, Ying

doi:10.3390/v14122645

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 215 publications

(223 reference statements)

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“…Viral co-infections are common in nature. However, studies and available data on viral co-infections in fish aquaculture are limited [42,43]. In recent years, infectious events of fish papillomavirus co-infected with other viruses were found in fish aquaculture, such as SaPV1 co-infected with iridovirus and polyomavirus [23], SgPV1 co-infected with herpesvirus [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination and characterization of papillomaviurs and parvovirus causing mass mortality of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) in China

Xue,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is one of the representative species in flatfish aquaculture in China. In recent years, massive mortality of farmed Chinese tongue soles occurred in Tianjin, China. The causative pathogens were determined asCynoglossus semilaevispapillomavirus (CsPaV) and parvovirus (CsPV) by electron microscopy, virus isolation, experimental challenge, histopathological analysis, genome sequencing, fluorescenceIn situhybridization (FISH) and epidemiology investigation. Electron microscopy showed large numbers of spherical non-enveloped virus particles presenting in liver, kidney, spleen, gill and heart of the diseased fish. The viruses were isolated and propagated in flounder gill cells (FG) and induced a typical cytopathic effect (CPE). The cumulative mortality reached 100% at 8 dpi by intraperitoneal injection. The complete genome of CsPaV and CsPV was 5939 bp and 3663 bp in size respectively, and both viral genomes shared no nucleotide sequence similarity with other viruses. The CsPaV contained seven predicated protein coding regions (E1, E2, L2, L1a, L1b, sORF1 and sORF2) and CsPV contained three predicated protein coding regions (NS1, VP and ORF3). Phylogenetic analysis basing on L1 and NS1 protein sequences revealed that CsPaV and CsPV are novel members belonging to new genus inPapillomaviridaeandParvoviridaefamily. FISH results showed positive signals in spleen and kidney tissues from CsPaV and CsPV infected fish and the two viruses could co-infected one cell. Epidemiological investigation showed that the two viruses cocurrented in 82.9% sampled fish and they were proved to be the pathogenic agents of the emerging disease in farmed Chinese tongue soles in China. This study represents the first report of co-infection of papillomavirus and parvovirus in farmed fish and provides a basis for further studies on prevention and treatment of the emerging viral disease, and also represents clues to elucidate the the mechanisms of viruses co-infection and evolution of viruses.Author summaryChinese tongue sole is a valuable fish kept in marincultures. Outbreak of an emerging disease caused massive mortality and resulted in significant economic loss. The pathogenic agent remains unknown. In this study, we identified papillomavirus (CsPaV) and parvovirus (CsPV) from the diseased fish simultaneously, and they are proved to be novel members belonging to new genus inPapillomaviridaeandParvoviridaefamily. It was shown that the emerging disease was caused by co-infection with the two viruses. Viral co-infections are widespread in nature, however, studies and available data on viral co-infections in fish aquaculture are limited. Our findings represent new clues to elucidate the mechanisms of viruses co-infection and evolution of viruses, and moreover, the present study provide a solution for the control of emerging viral diseases in Chinese tongue sole.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination and characterization of papillomaviurs and parvovirus causing mass mortality of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) in China

Xue,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the present study, CsPaV and CsPV were isolated and analyzed simultaneously from the diseased Chinese tongue sole, and the FISH results revealed that the transcripts of the two viruses could be detected in single cells of the infected tissues, hinting that the emerging viral disease was caused by a co-infection of the two viruses. Viral co-infections are common in nature [37,38]. However, studies and available data on viral co-infections in fish aquaculture are limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination and Characterization of Novel Papillomavirus and Parvovirus Associated with Mass Mortality of Chinese Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) in China

Xue,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Viruses

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A massive mortality event concerning farmed Chinese tongue soles occurred in Tianjin, China, and the causative agent remains unknown. Here, a novel Cynoglossus semilaevis papillomavirus (CsPaV) and parvovirus (CsPV) were simultaneously isolated and identified from diseased fish via electron microscopy, virus isolation, genome sequencing, experimental challenges, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Electron microscopy showed large numbers of virus particles present in the tissues of diseased fish. Viruses that were isolated and propagated in flounder gill cells (FG) induced typical cytopathic effects (CPE). The cumulative mortality of fish given intraperitoneal injections reached 100% at 7 dpi. The complete genomes of CsPaV and CsPV comprised 5939 bp and 3663 bp, respectively, and the genomes shared no nucleotide sequence similarities with other viruses. Phylogenetic analysis based on the L1 and NS1 protein sequences revealed that CsPaV and CsPV were novel members of the Papillomaviridae and Parvoviridae families. The FISH results showed positive signals in the spleen tissues of infected fish, and both viruses could co-infect single cells. This study represents the first report where novel papillomavirus and parvovirus are identified in farmed marine cultured fish, and it provides a basis for further studies on the prevention and treatment of emerging viral diseases.

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“…All of them can establish latent infections in specific tissues, which are different for each virus'’ [ 17 ]. Coinfection can be marked as simultaneous or successive infection of a single cell or host by multiple pathogens [ 18 ] Traylen et al., illustrated reactivation of virus as the process by which a latent virus switches to a lytic phase of replication [ 19 ]. Data from laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 and Herpes virus were included irrespective of gender, age and geographical distribution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with concomitant herpesvirus co-infection or reactivation: A systematic review

Talukder,

Deb,

Parveen

et al. 2024

New Microbes and New Infections

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Viral Coinfections

Cited by 14 publications

References 215 publications

Determination and characterization of papillomaviurs and parvovirus causing mass mortality of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) in China

Determination and characterization of papillomaviurs and parvovirus causing mass mortality of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) in China

Determination and Characterization of Novel Papillomavirus and Parvovirus Associated with Mass Mortality of Chinese Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) in China

Clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with concomitant herpesvirus co-infection or reactivation: A systematic review

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