Viral Anticytokine Strategies

Alcamı́, Antonio

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.10018-9

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…23 Indeed, several viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade the innate immune system's response. 48 These evasion mechanisms might also contribute to the observed lack of a positive acute phase protein response in the face of severe systemic inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection with African Horse Sickness Virus in horses induces only mild temporal hematologic changes and acute phase reactant response

Schliewert

Hooijberg

Steyn

et al. 2022

ajvr

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OBJECTIVE African Horse Sickness (AHS) is a vector-borne disease endemic to sub-Saharan Africa caused by African Horse Sickness Virus (AHVS). Infections in naïve horses have high morbidity and mortality rates. AHS pathogenesis is not well understood; neither the hematologic changes nor acute phase response occurring during infection has been fully evaluated. The study’s objective was to characterize the hematologic changes and acute phase response during experimental infection with AHSV. ANIMALS 4 horses negative for AHSV group-specific antibodies. PROCEDURES In this prospective, longitudinal study conducted between November 23 and December 2, 2020, horses were experimentally infected with AHSV, and blood samples were obtained before inoculation and then every 12 hours until euthanasia. Hematologic changes and changes for serum amyloid A (SAA) and iron concentration were evaluated over time using a general linear model including natural logarithm of sampling time. RESULTS All horses were humanely euthanized due to severe clinical signs typical of AHS. Median Hct increased significantly, and the median WBC count, monocyte count, eosinophil count, and myeloperoxidase index changed significantly in all horses over time. Horses developed marked thrombocytopenia (median, 48 X 103 cells/µL; range, 21 X 103 to 58 X 103 cells/µL) while markers of platelet activation also changed significantly. Median SAA increased and serum iron concentration decreased significantly over time. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated severe thrombocytopenia with platelet activation occurs during infection with AHSV. Changes in acute phase reactants SAA and iron, while significant, were unexpectedly mild and might not be useful clinical markers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection with African Horse Sickness Virus in horses induces only mild temporal hematologic changes and acute phase reactant response

Schliewert

Hooijberg

Steyn

et al. 2022

ajvr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among several cytokines, the ones most involved in viral infections, especially at the respiratory level, seem to be CXCL10 and CXCL8 (Dong et al., 2021). Usually, following a viral infection, the chemokines in circulation increase to counteract the disease, but it can also happen that the virus interferes with the cytokine/receptor system in its favor to modify the different intracellular pathways by increasing the viral replication rate (Alcami, 2016).…”

Section: Covid‐19 and Chemokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can alpha‐linolenic acid be a modulator of “cytokine storm,” oxidative stress and immune response in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection?

Cianciosi,

Diaz,

Gaddi

et al. 2023

Food Frontiers

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Alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) is a long‐chain polyunsaturated essential fatty acid of the Ω3 series found mainly in vegetables, especially in the fatty part of oilseeds, dried fruit, berries, and legumes. It is very popular for its preventive use in several diseases: It seems to reduce the risk of the onset or decrease some phenomena related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and conditions of dysregulation of the immune response. Recent studies have confirmed these unhealthy situations also in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Different findings (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical ones), summarized and analyzed in this review, have showed an important role of ALA in other various non‐COVID physiological and pathological situations against “cytokines storm,” chemokines secretion, oxidative stress, and dysregulation of immune cells that are also involved in the infection of the 2019 novel coronavirus. According to the effects of ALA against all the aforementioned situations (also present in patients with a severe clinical picture of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐(CoV‐2) infection), there may be the biologic plausibility of a prophylactic effect of this compound against COVID‐19 symptoms and fatality.

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A virus-encoded type I interferon decoy receptor enables evasion of host immunity through cell-surface binding

et al. 2018

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Soluble cytokine decoy receptors are potent immune modulatory reagents with therapeutic applications. Some virus-encoded secreted cytokine receptors interact with glycosaminoglycans expressed at the cell surface, but the biological significance of this activity in vivo is poorly understood. Here, we show the type I interferon binding protein (IFNα/βBP) encoded by vaccinia and ectromelia viruses requires of this cell binding activity to confer full virulence to these viruses and to retain immunomodulatory activity. Expression of a variant form of the IFNα/βBP that inhibits IFN activity, but does not interact with cell surface glycosaminoglycans, results in highly attenuated viruses with a virulence similar to that of the IFNα/βBP deletion mutant viruses. Transcriptomics analysis and infection of IFN receptor-deficient mice confirmed that the control of IFN activity is the main function of the IFNα/βBP in vivo. We propose that retention of secreted cytokine receptors at the cell surface may largely enhance their immunomodulatory activity.

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Viral Anticytokine Strategies

Cited by 4 publications

References 90 publications

Experimental infection with African Horse Sickness Virus in horses induces only mild temporal hematologic changes and acute phase reactant response

Experimental infection with African Horse Sickness Virus in horses induces only mild temporal hematologic changes and acute phase reactant response

Can alpha‐linolenic acid be a modulator of “cytokine storm,” oxidative stress and immune response in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection?

A virus-encoded type I interferon decoy receptor enables evasion of host immunity through cell-surface binding

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