Viral and Bacterial Etiologies of Acute Respiratory Infections Among Children Under 5 Years in Senegal

Abstract

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the leading cause of infectious disease–related morbidity, hospitalization, and morbidity among children worldwide. This study aimed to assess the viral and bacterial causes of ARI morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years in Senegal. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from children under 5 years who had ARI. Viruses and bacteria were identified using multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and conventional biochemical techniques, respectively. Adenovirus was the most prevalent virus (50%; n = 81), followed by influenza virus (45.68%, n = 74), rhinovirus (40.12%; n = 65), enterovirus (25.31%; n = 41), and respiratory syncytial virus (16.05%; n = 26), whereas Streptococcus pneumoniae (17%; n = 29), Moraxella catarrhalis (15.43%; n = 25), and Haemophilus influenzae (8.02%; n = 13) were the most commonly isolated bacteria. Virus pathogens seem more likely to be more prevalent in our settings and were often associated with bacteria and S. pneumoniae (6%; 16) coinfection.

Identfication of viral and bacterial etiologic agents of the pertussis-like syndrome in children under 5 years old hospitalized

“…From a total of 288 samples analyzed from children under 5 years old with a probable diagnosis of Pertussis, the most common pathogen isolated was ADV in 49% of samples, followed by B. pertussis in 41% from our previous analysis. Although this study was conducted in patients with ARI with a highly suspicious pertussis diagnosis, other studies on children with ARI have identified ADV as one of the most prevalent etiologies [2] Although, the viral and bacterial prevalence may vary widely depending on the population characteristics [8,33,34].…”

“…ARIs as the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children, remaining a major concern, especially affecting children under 5 years old from low-income countries [1][2][3][4]. Unfortunately, information regarding their epidemiology is still limited in Peru [7,11].…”

“…Pediatric health personnel from all Hospitals participating in the study. 2 Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Peru. 3 Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.…”

“…Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a leading cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality among children [1][2][3]. According to World Health Organization (WHO), acute respiratory infections are responsible for 1.9 million annual deaths in children, mainly affecting patients under 5 years old, with a higher incidence in those from low-income countries [1,4].…”

“…Classically, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae type b are the most commonly isolated bacteria in both throat and nasopharyngeal specimens from patients with ARIs [9,10]. However, in resource-limited countries, atypical bacteria such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis can play an important role in ARIs and can be detected in more than 40% of patients [2,[11][12][13][14].…”