Viraemia in Egyptian children with hepatitis E virus infection

Schlauder, G G; Dawson, G.; Mushahwar, I. K.; Ritter, A.; Sutherland, Ranald M.; A, Moaness; Kamel, M. A.

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90187-l

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Initial sequence analysis has indicated that this isolate is probably distinct from other isolates of HEV [Zanetti et al, 1999]. One of the two patients from the study in Greece had also been found to be PCR positive [Psichogiou et al, 1995] using primers based on the Burmese isolate of HEV [Schlauder et al, 1993]; however, the nucleotide sequence of the product was not determined.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Source Materialsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Novel hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolates from Europe: Evidence for additional genotypes of HEV

et al. 1999

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Hepatitis E infection is associated with areas in which hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is endemic. Acute infections in industrialized nations are usually linked to travel to endemic areas. Recently, an acute hepatitis infection in a patient from the United States (US), with no recent foreign travel history, was linked to a novel strain of HEV. Although a few additional cases have been reported from patients who have not traveled to endemic areas, the source of these infections has not been determined. The objective of this study was to identify additional HEV isolates from patients with acute infection who had no recent history of travel to areas where HEV is considered endemic, and to determine the genetic relationship between these and other HEV isolates. Viral RNA was isolated from serum and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using consensus primers based on a number of HEV isolates. HEV sequence in open reading frame (ORF) 1 and ORF2 was identified in three patients from nonendemic areas, one from Italy and two from Greece. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses were performed. The Greek and Italian isolates were significantly divergent from two isolates from the US and isolates identified previously from HEV-endemic regions. The Italian isolate was distinct from the two Greek isolates. In addition, the two Greek isolates were significantly divergent from each other. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Italian and two Greek isolates represent three new genotypes of HEV, distinct from the Burmese, Mexican, and US genotypes.

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Section: Materials and Methods Source Materialsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Novel hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolates from Europe: Evidence for additional genotypes of HEV

et al. 1999

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“…Briefly, HEV-RNA was extracted from fecal suspensions (1 g feces in 10 ml of phosphate-buffered saline) and from sera by proteinase K digestion and phenol-chloroform extraction. Nucleic acid amplification by RT-PCR utilizing the GeneAmp RNA PCR Kit (Perkin-Elmer/ Roche, Branchburg, NJ) was carried out using nested primers [Schlauder et al, 1993] derived from the open reading frame 1 (ORF1) of the viral genome of the original Burmese viral strain. Anti-HEV antibodies of IgG class were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system (EIA, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL), whereas those of IgM class were tested by an ''in house'' modified EIA.…”

Section: Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a novel variant of hepatitis E virus in Italy

et al. 1999

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Hepatitis E infection is typically associated with areas in which hepatitis E virus (HEV) is endemic. Except for a few cases in Europe and in the United States, acute hepatitis E is usually associated with travel to endemic areas. We set out to determine the etiologic role of HEV in acute non-A-C hepatitis in Italy. The presence of HEV-RNA and antibody was determined in 218 patients diagnosed with acute viral non-A-C hepatitis. Acute hepatitis E infection was defined by the presence of HEV-RNA in sera and positivity for IgM anti-HEV and seroconversion to IgG anti-HEV. Acute hepatitis E was found in 10.1% of the patients with acute non-A-C, with 95.5% exhibiting a benign course. A more severe course was observed in a patient co-infected with HAV and HEV. Most cases were travelers to endemic areas, although 18.2% reported no travel. One patient was from a household with an infected patient. Sequence analyses of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product derived from a patient who never visited endemic areas, identified an isolate that is divergent significantly from all reported isolates of HEV (79.5-85.8% nucleotide identity). Evidence from this study suggests that HEV accounts for approximately 10% of acute non-A-C viral hepatitis in Italy, diagnosed generally in travelers returning from endemic areas. However, the identification of a new HEV variant in an individual who never indicated travel or contact with individuals associated with endemic areas, suggests that this virus may be native to Italy.

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“…Catching the viruses present in their viremic phase has proved difficult because of this diagnostic delay. However, many au thors have shown without any doubt that HEV was found to be present in the blood [12]. And.…”

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confidence: 99%