VIPER: an industrially scalable high-current high-temperature superconductor cable

Hartwig, Zachary; Vieira, R.; Sorbom, Brandon; Badcock, Rodney A.; Bajko, M.; Beck, W.; Castaldo, Bernardo; Craighill, Christopher L; Davies, M. C. R.; Estrada, J.; Fry, Vincent; Golfinopoulos, T.; Hubbard, A.; Irby, J.; Кузнецов, С. П.; Lammi, Christopher J.; Michael, Philip; Mouratidis, Theodore; Murray, Richard A.; Pfeiffer, A.; Pierson, Samuel Z; Radovinsky, Alexi; Rowell, Michael D; Salazar, Erica; Segal, Michael; Stahle, P. W.; Takayasu, M.; Toland, Thomas L; Zhou, Longfei

doi:10.1088/1361-6668/abb8c0

Cited by 148 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Early Phase 1 work from testing of high-current HTS cables in background magnetic fields has recently demonstrated excellent performance at SPARC-relevant electromagnetic loading and thousands of cycles (Hartwig et al. 2020). The SPARC device design has moved through several iterations to reach its current state.…”

Section: Sparc and The High-field Path To Commercial Fusion Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the SPARC tokamak

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The SPARC tokamak is a critical next step towards commercial fusion energy. SPARC is designed as a high-field ( $B_0 = 12.2$ T), compact ( $R_0 = 1.85$ m, $a = 0.57$ m), superconducting, D-T tokamak with the goal of producing fusion gain $Q>2$ from a magnetically confined fusion plasma for the first time. Currently under design, SPARC will continue the high-field path of the Alcator series of tokamaks, utilizing new magnets based on rare earth barium copper oxide high-temperature superconductors to achieve high performance in a compact device. The goal of $Q>2$ is achievable with conservative physics assumptions ( $H_{98,y2} = 0.7$ ) and, with the nominal assumption of $H_{98,y2} = 1$ , SPARC is projected to attain $Q \approx 11$ and $P_{\textrm {fusion}} \approx 140$ MW. SPARC will therefore constitute a unique platform for burning plasma physics research with high density ( $\langle n_{e} \rangle \approx 3 \times 10^{20}\ \textrm {m}^{-3}$ ), high temperature ( $\langle T_e \rangle \approx 7$ keV) and high power density ( $P_{\textrm {fusion}}/V_{\textrm {plasma}} \approx 7\ \textrm {MW}\,\textrm {m}^{-3}$ ) relevant to fusion power plants. SPARC's place in the path to commercial fusion energy, its parameters and the current status of SPARC design work are presented. This work also describes the basis for global performance projections and summarizes some of the physics analysis that is presented in greater detail in the companion articles of this collection.

show abstract

Section: Sparc and The High-field Path To Commercial Fusion Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the SPARC tokamak

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…VIPER cable is based on the high-temperature superconductor cable architecture known as twisted stacked tape conductor [15]). Left: a cutaway showing the VIPER cables and cable-to-cable joint configured for testing at the SULTAN facility; right: a cross section showing the configuration of helical rectangular channels enclosing the HTS stacks, copper jacket and steel jackets.…”

Section: Design Of Viper Cablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong, low resistance termination joints or cable-to-cable joints are easily created by clamping around the copper jacket, removing a short section of stainless steel jacket if necessary. An overview of fabrication, cryostability testing, cycling, and general quench behavior of VIPER cable is discussed in the 'VIPER: An industrially mature high-current high temperature superconductor cable' paper [15].…”

Section: Design Of Viper Cablementioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber optic quench detection for large-scale HTS magnets demonstrated on VIPER cable during high-fidelity testing at the SULTAN facility

Salazar

Badcock

Bajko

et al. 2021

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fiber-optic thermometry has the potential to provide rapid and reliable quench detection for emerging large-scale, high-field superconducting magnets fabricated with high-temperature-superconductor (HTS) cables. Developing non-voltage-based quench detection schemes, such as fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology, are particularly important for applications such as magnetic fusion devices where a high degree of induced electromagnetic noise impose significant challenges on traditional voltage-based quench detection methods. To this end, two fiber optic quench detection techniques-FBG and ultra-long FBG (ULFBG)-were incorporated into two vacuum pressure impregnated, insulated, partially transposed, extruded, and roll-formed (VIPER) high-current HTS cables and tested in the SULTAN facility, which provides high-fidelity operating conditions to large-scale superconducting magnets. During surface heater induced quench-like events under a variety of operating conditions, FBG and ULFBG demonstrated strong signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) ranging from 4 to 32 and measured single-digit temperature excursions; both the SNR and temperature sensitivity increase with temperature. Fiber thermal response times ranged between effectively instantaneous to a few seconds depending on the operating temperature. Strain sensitivity dominates the thermal sensitivity in the conditions achievable at SULTAN; however, measurements at higher quench evolution temperatures, coupled to future work to increase the thermal-to-strain signal, show promise for quench detection capability in full-scale magnets where temperature and strain may occur simultaneously. Overall, FBG and ULFBG were proven capable to quickly and reliably detect small temperature disturbances which induced quench initiation events for high current VIPER HTS conductors in realistic operating conditions, motivating further work to develop FBG and ULFGB quench detection systems for full-scale HTS magnets.

show abstract

“…A solenoid demo magnet with CORC® cables retained critical current over 4 kA in background field of 14 T, generating a total center magnetic field of 15.86 T [6]. Prototypes of other candidates, such as CroCo [7], VIPER [8] and STAR wires [9] are yielding promising results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling of AC Loss in HTS Coated Conductors and Roebel Cable Using T-A Formulation and Comparison With H Formulation

Yan

Grilli

2021

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With recent advances in second-generation high temperature superconductors (2G HTS) and cable technologies, various numerical models based on finite-element method (FEM) have been proposed to help interpret measured AC loss and assist cable design. The T-A formulation, implemented in COMSOL, shows great potential for reducing the overall computation costs. In this paper, the performance of the T-A formulation for calculating the AC loss of coated superconductors and cables were assessed and compared against the widely accepted H formulation, with benchmark model of a single REBCO tape in 2D/3D and a 14strand Roebel cable. Evaluation and comparison on key metrics including the computation time, the number of degrees of freedom and the numerical accuracy were presented, which could provide a reference for researchers in applying the T-A formulation for AC loss calculation.

show abstract

VIPER: an industrially scalable high-current high-temperature superconductor cable

Cited by 148 publications

References 53 publications

Overview of the SPARC tokamak

Overview of the SPARC tokamak

Fiber optic quench detection for large-scale HTS magnets demonstrated on VIPER cable during high-fidelity testing at the SULTAN facility

Numerical Modeling of AC Loss in HTS Coated Conductors and Roebel Cable Using T-A Formulation and Comparison With H Formulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About