Vip3A is responsible for the potency of Bacillus thuringiensis 9816C culture supernatant against Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua

Abstract

Culture supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis 9816C had high toxicity against Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua. However, it lost insecticidal activities after being bathed in boiling water for 5 min. Acrystalliferous mutants of Bt9816C (Bt9816C-NP1 and Bt9816C-NP2) cured of its endogenous plasmids no longer possessed vip3A gene and toxicity. The 89 kD protein which existed in Bt9816C supernatant disappeared in the two mutants' supernatant; nevertheless, the two mutants still exhibited hemolytic and phospholipase C activity as Bt9816C did. The vip3A gene of Bt9816C, vip3Aa18, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. Bioassay demonstrated that the recombinant E. coli had high toxicity against S. exigua. Taken together, it suggested that Vip3A protein was responsible for the toxicity of Bt9816C culture supernatants.

Scavenger receptor-C acts as a receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3Aa and mediates the internalization of Vip3Aa via endocytosis

“…coli BL21 (DE3) for protein purification were cultured at 37 °C in lysogeny broth (LB) or agar. Bt9816C was previously isolated and maintained in our laboratory for generation of Vip3Aa [ 53 ]. The Drosophila S2 cells, S .…”

Vegetative Insecticidal Protein (Vip): A Potential Contender From Bacillus thuringiensis for Efficient Management of Various Detrimental Agricultural Pests

“…Vip3 proteins are reported to be effective against black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon ( Yu et al, 1997 ; Donovan et al, 2001 ), cotton boll worm; Helicoverpa armigera ( Lee et al, 2003 ; Cai et al, 2006 ; Fang et al, 2007 ), Beet army worm Spodoptera exigua ( Donovan et al, 2001 ; Cai et al, 2006 ), fall armyworm S. frugiperda ( Yu et al, 1997 ; Sena et al, 2009 ; Figueiredo et al, 2013 ), tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens ( Estruch et al, 1996 ; Gulzar and Wright, 2015 ), tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta ( Lee et al, 2003 ), African cotton leafworm S. littoralis , European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana , Cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae ( Palma et al, 2013 ; De Escudero et al, 2014 ), Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella ) ( Mesrati et al, 2005 ), cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni ( Fang et al, 2007 ), Tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta ( Sellami et al, 2015 ), diamondback moth Plutella xylostella ( Bhalla et al, 2005 ; Palma et al, 2013 ; Gulzar and Wright, 2015 ), locust bean moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae ( Boukedi et al, 2015 ) and tobacco cutworm S. litura ( Bhalla et al, 2005 ; Song et al, 2016 ).…”

Nutrient conditions determine the localization of Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa protein in the mother cell compartment

“…This protein is synthesized during the vegetative growth phase and is secreted into the medium (Estruch et al ., 1996). However, the secretion of Vip3Aa is differentially regulated among Bt strains, and the duration of the presence of these proteins in the supernatant is variable (Cai et al ., 2006; Argôlo‐Filho and Loguercio, 2018). In addition, Vip3Aa is stabilized and protected by the P20 chaperone protein, allowing it to accumulate after exponential growth (Shi et al ., 2006; Yu et al ., 2011).…”