“…2 Both terms are, in biomedical papers, often used in a much broader sense in relation to other subject areas: At Acta Physiologica, a number of excellent articles reporting growth and development research have been published. Parental health and genetic composition influence both processes from before conception, as evident in, for example, the developmental consequences of fetal programming, be it through maternal obesity, 3,4 paternal exercise or lack thereof, 5 or a disruption of immune function at the maternofetal interface 6 or gestational diabetes, 7 for example.…”