VIP/PACAP receptors in cerebral arteries of rat: Characterization, localization and relation to intracellular calcium

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Induces Relaxations of Peripheral and Cerebral Arteries, which are Differentially Impaired by Aging

“…innervated by PACAP-containing fibers and a high density of PACAP binding sites is present in arteries (Vaudry et al 2000 ). Also, it has been shown that PAC1 receptors are present and located in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells (Erdling et al 2013 ).In the present study PACAP 6-38 inhibited the vasorelaxations suggesting that PACAP 1-38 acts on PAC1 receptor and that the activity of receptors are similar in cerebral and extracerebral arteries. The present findings of our studies show that PACAP-induced signaling does not interfere with the direct relaxant cGMP-mediated involve cGMP in mediation of relaxation of arteries and aging specifically affects PACAP responses because SNP-induced responses were not affected by aging.…”

“…As shown by previous studies, in arterial vessels, the PACAP-induced dilator effect is mediated by activating PAC1 receptor on the smooth muscle cell, followed by activation of adenylate cyclase (Erdling et al 2013 ;Tamas et al 2012 ). A previous study (Erdling et al 2013 ) suggests that activation is via the stimulation of cAMP production in blood vessels, which modulates L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells through the activation of both protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) mechanisms resulting in vasodilation (Chik et al 1996 ).…”

“…A previous study (Erdling et al 2013 ) suggests that activation is via the stimulation of cAMP production in blood vessels, which modulates L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells through the activation of both protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) mechanisms resulting in vasodilation (Chik et al 1996 ). PACAP also stimulates the release of the prostaglandin PGF in the wall of the arteries but does not affect other cyclooxygenase metabolites (Huang et al 1992 ;Kastner et al 1995 ).…”

“…Several human studies demonstrate that PACAP exerts cardiovascular actions partially by the decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and an increase in blood flow, measured invasively on beagle dog femoral arteries (Naruse et al 1993 ;Whalen et al 1999 ). Previous studies have shown that vessel walls are richly innervated by PACAP-containing fibers, a high density of PACAP binding sites is present in arteries (Erdling et al 2013 ;Baun et al 2011 ), and PACAP is widely distributed in 1-to 4-month-old rat brain vessels (Erdling et al 2013 ). The blocked vasomotor activity suggests that PACAP 1-38 acts on PAC1 receptor, which elicits vasorelaxation in a concentration-and age-dependent manner.…”

“…In previous studies (Amenta et al 1991 ;Fahrenkrug et al 2000 ;Erdling et al 2013 ), the vascular effects of PACAP1-38 were investigated in segments of rat middle cerebral artery (MCA) by pressurized arteriography and in a wire myograph. The authors have found the same magnitude of concentration-dependent relaxations of the MCA, in arteries of rat dura, whereas in human meningeal arteries, PACAP1-38 induced weak relaxations (Arsalan et al 2013;Baun et al 2011 ).…”