Violets of the section Melanium, their colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their occurrence on heavy metal heaps

Słomka, Aneta; Kuta, Elżbieta; Szarek-Łukaszewska, Grażyna; Godzik, Barbara; Kapusta, Paweł; Tylko, Grzegorz; Bothe, Hermann

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2011.01.033

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although some contradictory claims have been published (Jędrzejczyk et al, 2002;Bizoux et al, 2004), our repeated measurements Kaldorf et al, 1999;Słomka et al, 2011b, in agreement with Ernst, 1982 showed that both zinc violets contain less heavy metals than the soils which harbor them. In addition, the concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd) were lower in shoots than in roots, in contrast to the situation in heavy metal accumulators.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In addition, the concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd) were lower in shoots than in roots, in contrast to the situation in heavy metal accumulators. Both zinc violets are heavily colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in their natural habitats Słomka et al, 2011b). The fungi deposit the heavy metals in their cell walls or vacuoles thereby avoiding toxic levels coming into contact with the plant cells Słomka et al, 2011b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both zinc violets are heavily colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in their natural habitats Słomka et al, 2011b). The fungi deposit the heavy metals in their cell walls or vacuoles thereby avoiding toxic levels coming into contact with the plant cells Słomka et al, 2011b). Similarly, heartsease (Viola tricolor) forms ecotypes on heavy metal heaps such as in Bukowno (Southern Poland), in the German Harz Mountains (Northern Germany), in Bad Bleiberg (Southern Austria) or Cave del Predil (Northern Italy).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Albanian violets of the section Melanium, their morphological variability, genetic similarity and their adaptations to serpentine or chalk soils

Słomka

Godzik

Szarek-Łukaszewska

et al. 2015

Journal of Plant Physiology

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Albanian violets of the section Melanium, their morphological variability, genetic similarity and their adaptations to serpentine or chalk soils

Słomka

Godzik

Szarek-Łukaszewska

et al. 2015

Journal of Plant Physiology

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“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may have helped them to survive. They are strongly mycorrhizal, unlike alpine V. lutea (Słomka et al 2011b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral structure and pollen morphology of two zinc violets (Viola lutea ssp. calaminaria and V. lutea ssp. westfalica) indicate their taxonomic affinity to Viola lutea

et al. 2011

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Floral structure and pollen morphology of two zinc violets (Viola lutea ssp. calaminaria and V. lutea ssp. westfalica) indicate their taxonomic affinity to Viola lutea Abstract Two zinc violets, the yellow form of the Aachen-Liège area and the blue morph of Blankenrode in western Westphalia, have very restricted occurrence on heavy metal waste heaps. Their taxonomic affinities have not been finally resolved. The flower micromorphological analysis presented here indicates that both zinc violets are closely related to the alpine Viola lutea, in line with our earlier published molecular data, but not with the conclusions of other authors. The zinc violets are classed at the rank of subspecies as V. lutea: ssp. calaminaria for the yellow zinc violet and ssp. westfalica for its blue counterpart. Although the violets examined (V. lutea, V. lutea ssp. calaminaria, V. lutea ssp. westfalica) are closely related, there is no evidence that V. lutea ssp. westfalica is a descendent of V. tricolor. Here we provide the most detailed information on generative organ structure in the four violets studied.

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“…Seeds for chromosome counting originated from three sources (one metallicolous, two nonmetallicolous). The material was collected at the same sites as in our previous studies on the influence of soils polluted with heavy metals on Viola tricolor (Słomka et al, 2008(Słomka et al, , 2010(Słomka et al, , 2011a. The metallicolous populations (BH -Bukowno heap, SH -Saturn heap, WH -Warpie heap) are located in the Zn/Pb mining area in Olkusz, Poland.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a Heavy-Metal-Polluted Environment on Viola tricolor Genome Size and Chromosome Number

Słomka¹,

Siwinska²,

Wolny³

et al. 2011

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica

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Intraspecific changes in genome size and chromosome number lead to divergence and species evolution. Heavy metals disturb the cell cycle and cause mutations. Areas contaminated by heavy metals (metalliferous sites) are places where microevolutionary processes accelerate; very often only a few generations are enough for a new genotype to arise. This study, which continues our long-term research on Viola tricolor (Violaceae), a species occurring on both metalliferous (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu) and non-metalliferous soils in Western and Central Europe, is aimed at determining the influence of environments polluted with heavy metals on genome size and karyological variability. The genome size of V. tricolor ranged from 3.801 to 4.203 pg, but the differences between metallicolous and non-metallicolous populations were not statistically significant. Altered chromosome numbers were significantly more frequent in material from the polluted sites than from the non-polluted sites (43% versus 28%). Besides the standard chromosome number (2n = 26), aneuploid cells with lower (2n = 18-25) or higher (2n = 27, 28) chromosome numbers were found in plants from both types of site, but polyploid (2n = 42) cells were observed only in plants from the metalliferous locality. The lack of correlation between chromosome variability in root meristematic cells and genome size estimated from peduncle cells can be attributed to elimination of somatic mutations in generative meristem, producing chromosome-stable non-meristematic tissues in the peduncle.

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Violets of the section Melanium, their colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their occurrence on heavy metal heaps

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

Albanian violets of the section Melanium, their morphological variability, genetic similarity and their adaptations to serpentine or chalk soils

Albanian violets of the section Melanium, their morphological variability, genetic similarity and their adaptations to serpentine or chalk soils

Floral structure and pollen morphology of two zinc violets (Viola lutea ssp. calaminaria and V. lutea ssp. westfalica) indicate their taxonomic affinity to Viola lutea

Influence of a Heavy-Metal-Polluted Environment on Viola tricolor Genome Size and Chromosome Number

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