Violent experiences in childhood are associated with men's perpetration of intimate partner violence as a young adult: a multistage cluster survey in Malawi

VanderEnde, Kristin; Mercy, James A.; Shawa, Mary; Kalanda, McKnight; Hamela, Justin; Maksud, Nankali; Ross, Brendan; Gupta, Sundeep; Wadonda-Kabondo, Nellie; Hillis, Susan D.

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.08.007

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…I also assessed whether a mother was exposed to IPV which was coded as 1 = yes and 0 = no. IPV was assessed by using a WHO Multicountry study questionnaire on women's health and life experiences that was previously validated and administered in Malawi (22,23).…”

Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among children of local farmers in central Malawi

Chilanga¹

2020

Preprint

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Background: Child undernutrition is a public health problem in Malawi. In 2015, about 23% of child mortality was linked to the phenomenon. Child undernutrition is more prevalent in rural areas and there is limited data to inform rural-specific programs. The aims of this study are to examine the prevalence and risk factors of undernutrition among 0-59 months-old children in rural central Malawi. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 538 child/mother dyads were systematically selected from postnatal clinics. Anthropometric assessment techniques and socio-demographic questionnaire was used to collect data. Child Z-scores for anthropometric data were calculated using World Health Organization’s (WHO) anthro v3.2.2. Logistic regressions were used to determine correlates of undernutrition. Results: The rates of stunting, underweight, and wasting were 42%, 11%, and 3%, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models, household limited access to safe water, and maternal exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) were risk factors of child stunting (OR=1.72, CI: 1.13-2.61) and (OR=1.505, CI: 1.001-2.261) respectively. Child deworming, born at a low weight, and household food insecurity were some of risk factors of child underweight (OR= 2.14, CI: 1.18-3.89), (OR= 2.41, CI: 1.23-4.71), and (OR= 1.89, CI: 1.01-3.51) respectively. Households that were near domestic water supply had low risk of registering wasted children than households that were far from water supply (OR= 0.18, CI: 0.41-0.79). Conclusions: Only the prevalence of child stunting is greater in central Malawi compared to national level. This study suggest that programs that can promote access to potable water, food security, child deworming, improving child birth weight, and reduction of IPV against mothers can reduce the risk of child undernutrition. Keywords: Undernutrition, Risk factors, Child health, Central Malawi

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Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among children of local farmers in central Malawi

Chilanga¹

2020

Preprint

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“…They could be still in a sexual relationship or separated at the time of the interview. Mother's exposure to IPV was screened using a WHO violence against women multi-country questionnaire instrument on women's health and life experiences that had been validated and used in Malawi [12,30].…”

Section: Outcome Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in central Malawi

Chilanga

Collin‐Vézina

Khan

et al. 2020

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Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global human rights violation and a public health problem. The phenomenon is linked to adverse health effects for women and children. Mothers of young children in Malawi can be particularly at risk because of gender-based power imbalances. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and the risk factors of IPV against mothers of children under-five years of age in rural Malawi.Methods A multistage, cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 538 mothers of young children was randomly selected from postnatal clinics in Dowa district. The WHO's Violence against women screening instrument was used to collect data. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors that were associated with IPV against mothers. Results Overall prevalence of all four forms of IPV against mothers of under-five children was 60.2%. The prevalence of IPV controlling behavior, psychological, physical, and sexual violence were 74.7%, 49.4%, 43.7% and 73.2% respectively. In multivariate analyses, mothers whose partners had extra marital affairs were more likely to experience controlling behavior (AOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.59-8.55, P = 0.001), psychological (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.486-3.472, P = 0.001) and physical (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.48-3.94, P = 0.001) violence than mothers whose partners did not have extra marital affairs. Mothers whose partners consume alcohol were more likely to experience sexual violence (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17-3.41, P = 0.001) than mothers whose partners did not drink. Finally, mothers who spent more than 30 minutes drawing water were at greater risk of experiencing IPV than mothers who spent less than 30 minutes. Conclusion This study found a significantly higher prevalence of IPV against mothers of under-five children in rural Malawi compared to women in the general population. Micro and macro-level programs aimed at mitigating the partners’ potential risk behaviors identified in this study are suggested. Public health programs that support increased household access to safe water are also recommended to help undermine IPV against mothers.

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“…Other independent variables that were considered as risk factors for child malaria include the mother's age, level of education, pregnancy planning and exposure to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) perpetrated by their current or recent husband. We assessed cases of IPV using a WHO multi-country study questionnaire on women's health and life experiences that was validated and used in Malawi (23,24). The questionnaire contains 18 items that make up four sub-scales measuring different forms of IPV: physical abuse, emotional abuse, controlling behaviour and sexual abuse.…”

Section: Explanatory Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Determinants of Malaria Infection Among Children of local farmers in Central Malawi

Chilanga

Collin‐Vézina

MacIntosh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five in Malawi, and especially among those from rural areas of central Malawi. The goal of this study was to examine the prevalence and determinants of malaria infection among children in rural areas of the Dowa district in central Malawi.Methods: A multistage cross-sectional study design was used to systematically sample 523 child‑mother dyads from postnatal clinics. A survey was administered to mothers and a rapid malaria infection diagnostic test was administered to children. The main outcome was positive malaria diagnostic tests in children. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors associated with malaria among children aged 2 to 59 months.Results: The prevalence of malaria among children under five years was 35.4%. Results suggest that children of mothers who experienced recent intimate partner violence were more likely to be diagnosed with malaria (AOR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.19–2.97; P = 0.007) than children of mothers who did not. Children of mothers who had no formal education were more likely to be diagnosed with malaria (AOR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.24–6.19; P = 0.013) than children of mothers who had received secondary education. Children aged 2 to 5 months and 6 to 11 months were less likely to be diagnosed with malaria (AOR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.10–0.46; P = 0.000 and AOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22–0.85; P = 0.016, respectively) than children aged 24 to 59 months. Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of malaria infection among children in the study area was comparable to the national level. In addition to available malaria control programs, further attention should be paid to children whose mothers have no formal education, children aged 24 to 59 months and children of mothers that are exposed to IPV in the area.

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Violent experiences in childhood are associated with men's perpetration of intimate partner violence as a young adult: a multistage cluster survey in Malawi

Abstract: Among young men in Malawi, exposure to violence in childhood is associated with an increased odds of perpetrating IPV, highlighting the need for programs and policies aimed at interrupting the intergenerational transmission of violence.

Cited by 36 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among children of local farmers in central Malawi

Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among children of local farmers in central Malawi

Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in central Malawi

Prevalence and Determinants of Malaria Infection Among Children of local farmers in Central Malawi

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