Violent crime and outdoor physical activity among inner-city youth

Gomez, Jorge; Johnson, Benjamin A.; Selva, Martha; Sallis, James F.

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.03.019

Cited by 294 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Genetic risk scores can translate these discoveries into measurements that map directly to the distributions of genetic risk hypothesized in each of the 3 models in Figure 2. Survey data together with a range of data tracking air pollution (Logue et al 2014), the built environment (Gordon-Larsen et al 2006), crime (Gómez et al 2004), and even more sociologically evocative measures, such as of neighborhood disorder and decay (Odgers et al 2012), provide an unprecedented view of social disadvantage. Studies that bring these data together are needed to chart a new course for social science and genetics.…”

Section: Genetic Risk Scores In Social Science Research: 3 Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Genetics and Social Science: Genetic Risk Scores

Belsky

Israel

2014

Biodemography and Social Biology

122

120

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The sequencing of the human genome and the advent of low-cost genome-wide assays that generate millions of observations of individual genomes in a matter of hours constitute a disruptive innovation for social science. Many public-use social science datasets have or will soon add genome-wide genetic data. With these new data come technical challenges, but also new possibilities. Among these, the lowest hanging fruit and the most potentially disruptive to existing research programs is the ability to measure previously invisible contours of health and disease risk within populations. In this article, we outline why now is the time for social scientists to bring genetics into their research programs. We discuss how to select genetic variants to study. We explain how the polygenic architecture of complex traits and the low penetrance of individual genetic loci pose challenges to research integrating genetics and social science. We introduce genetic risk scores as a method of addressing these challenges and provide guidance on how genetic risk scores can be constructed. We conclude by outlining research questions that are ripe for social science inquiry.

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Section: Genetic Risk Scores In Social Science Research: 3 Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Genetics and Social Science: Genetic Risk Scores

Belsky

Israel

2014

Biodemography and Social Biology

122

120

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Unsafe neighborhoods appear to provide residents with less access to safe recreational places and activities, reducing their opportunities to be physically active. These results have been consistent across studies of children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Violence and its Association with Mothers’ Health: Assessing the Relative Importance of Perceived Safety and Exposure to Violence

Johnson

Solomon²,

Shields

et al. 2009

J Urban Health

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This paper presents a cross-sectional study examining the influence of neighborhood violence on multiple aspects of mothers' health. While the influence of neighborhood violence on health is important to understand for all populations, mothers are especially important as they play a key role in protecting their children from the consequences of violence. Three hundred and ninety-two Baltimore City mothers of children 5 years and younger completed a self-administered survey that included questions about perceptions of their safety as well as their personal experiences with neighborhood violence. Separate models were run to compare the relationship between each measurement of neighborhood violence and five diverse health-related determinants and outcomes: self-reported health status, smoking, exercise, average hours of sleep a night, and sleep interruption. Controlling for mother's age, child's age, maternal education, and marital status, mothers with high exposure to neighborhood violence were twice as likely to report poorer health, smoking, never exercising, and poor sleep habits. Maternal perception of neighborhood safety was not related to any of the assessed health-related determinants and outcomes. This study emphasizes the importance of measuring exposure to neighborhood violence rather than solely assessing perceived safety. Neighborhood violence was a common experience for mothers in this urban sample, and should be considered by health professionals in trying to understand and intervene to improve the health of mothers and their children.

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“…While past studies have reported a significant positive association between access and/or proximity to physical activity resources; 13–17,19–25,27–29,43 to the best of our knowledge none have examined the relationship between actual utilization of physical activity resources and objective physical activity. However, our results are similar to the reported significant association between self-reported parental transportation to physical activity resources and self-reported adolescent physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…For example, a number of studies have identified proximity of parks and playgrounds to the home to be positively associated with youth physical activity, 13–16 while some other studies found no association with proximity of parks and playgrounds and youth physical activity. 17,18 In addition, many studies have found a positive association between the availability or presence of recreation areas and youth physical activity, 14,16,19–28 while a few have found no association.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth Physical Activity Resource Use and Activity Measured by Accelerometry

Maslow

Colabianchi²

2011

ajhb

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Objectives To examine whether utilization of physical activity resources (eg, parks) was associated with daily physical activity measured by accelerometry. Methods 111 adolescents completed a travel diary with concurrent accelerometry. The main exposure was self-reported utilization of a physical activity resource (none/1+ resources). The main outcomes were total minutes spent in daily 1) moderate-vigorous physical activity and 2) vigorous physical activity. Results Utilizing a physical activity resource was significantly associated with total minutes in moderate-vigorous physical activity. African-Americans and males had significantly greater moderate-vigorous physical activity. Conclusions Results from this study support the development and use of physical activity resources.

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Violent crime and outdoor physical activity among inner-city youth

Cited by 294 publications

References 22 publications

Integrating Genetics and Social Science: Genetic Risk Scores

Integrating Genetics and Social Science: Genetic Risk Scores

Neighborhood Violence and its Association with Mothers’ Health: Assessing the Relative Importance of Perceived Safety and Exposure to Violence

Youth Physical Activity Resource Use and Activity Measured by Accelerometry

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