Violência e atividade sexual desprotegida em adolescentes menores de 15 anos

Abstract

objectIve. To identify factors associated with unprotected sexual activity in females under the age of 15 years. Methods. Cross-sectional observational study of sexually active adolescents under the age of 15 seen at a public outpatient gynecology clinic. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews (personal information and data on sexuality), clinical examination, and laboratory tests for diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections. Data were analyzed by frequency testing, association of variables (with p <0.05) and multiple correspondence analysis. results. One hundred sexually active adolescents between the ages of 11 and 14 were interviewed and examined. Of these, 71% declared themselves black; one-third were behind in school; 80% began sexual activity before the age of 13; 58% reported having been victims of violence within the family environment, and 13% had suffered sexual abuse; 77% did not use condoms regularly; and 22% had STIs. Unprotected sexual activity was more frequent with first sexual intercourse before the age of 13, commercial sexual exploitation, multiple sexual partners, intrafamily violence and school delay, as well as black race, unexpected pregnancy, and STIs. conclusIon. The multiple types of violence suffered by teenagers, including structural, intrafamily, and sexual violence, increase their vulnerability to early, unprotected sexual activity and to STIs and unexpected pregnancy. The synergistic effects of poverty, low educational achievement, and low selfesteem reduces the odds that adolescents will build the tools required for self-protection and exposes them to further victimization outside the family environment.

Sexual violence against children and vulnerability

“…Sexual violence has many severe consequences, compromising the development of children and adolescents, possibly inserting the victims in a cycle of violence that can continue into adulthood. [3][4][5] In Brazil, victims under 14 years are legally considered vulnerable. Vulnerability from the perspective of bioethics is defined as a relationship of inequality between two individuals or among groups, in which one party has its will annulled or diminished.…”

“…3 In addition to the body and genital injuries that victims are subjected to at the time of abuse, there is an increased susceptibility to other types of violence in the future, as well as the possibility of contracting sexually transmitted diseases and developing psychological disorders. 4 Therefore, it is seen as a complex public health problem. 3,[5][6][7][8] Sexual violence in Brazil is an old reality, being children and adolescents the most frequent victims.…”

“…[16][17][18][19][20] In addition, studies show that sexual violence is often accompanied by other forms of violence and violations of the rights of the child and adolescent. 4,11,21 Other forms of parental or marital violence, such as physical abuse, psychological abuse and neglect, as well as community and institutional violence, are commonly present in the history of children and adolescent victims of sexual abuse. 11,22 Given the above, it is clear that sexual violence needs to be consistently studied.…”

Profile of domestic violence against children and adolescents / Perfil da violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes / Perfil de la violencia doméstica contra los niños, niñas y adolescentes

“…Refletindo no que se refere à faixa etária de 10 a 17 anos ao fato de que a violência sexual pode ser constatada com a frequência (p = 0,001) de 24 (72,7%) casos. Baseado nesses resultados, autores afirmam que quando perpetrado na fase de construção da personalidade, o abuso sexual provoca traumas psicológicos e pode levar à prática sexual desprotegida, à gravidez, à depressão ou até ao suicídio (15) .…”

Consulta ginecológica sob a ótica de estudantes do ensino médio do Rio de Janeiro, RJ

“…16 This type of violence, linked to poverty, low levels of education and low self-esteem reduces the adolescent's chances of creating self-protective mechanisms and exposes them to becoming victimized again outside of the family environment. 18 Students from schools B and C, from better off backgrounds and with parents or guardians with better levels of education and access to private health care, sought gynecological care at a younger age. They had fewer diffi culties in making appointments, were more protected by their network of family and friends and were less vulnerable to sexual violence and accidental pregnancy.…”