Violence without Borders: The Internationalization of Crime and Conflict

Abstract

This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.

Conflict prevention in fragile contexts

“…The UN-initiated sustaining peace agenda is tied to Agenda 2030, which emphasises that there can be no sustainable development without peace and no peace without sustainable development (de Coning, 2018 [25]; Wolff et al, 2020 [26]). Both agendas highlight the importance of prevention and resilience as strategies to reduce the risk of global threats such as violent conflict, and they both embrace the core values of universality, national ownership and positive peace (UN, 2019 [27]).…”

Security actors in fragile contexts

“…The lack of co-ordinated action required development actors to engage in local conflict resolution before implementing projects, thereby increasing the cost and risk of development projects, as well as heightening the risk of remerging violence. The lack of local reconciliation and communitygovernment trust also resulted in power vacuums that have been seized upon by non-state actors, increasing the risk of recurrent conflict (Medinilla, Tadesse Shiferaw and Veron, 2019 [50]; Williams et al, 2018 [49]).…”

“…2018 [49]). Thus, security actor operations in ongoing conflicts need to accompanied by and co-ordinated with political engagement at multiple level, including with elites, to seize the political space created by security activities to reach political settlements that sustain peace.…”