Violence, Migration, and the Perverse Effects of Gang Repression in Central America

Bergmann, Adrian

doi:10.4324/9780429199592-3

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A salient strand of the literature addresses the role of immigrants forcibly deported from the US in the diffusion of street gangs in the region and the transnational character of violence (Ambrosius, 2021; Cruz, 2013; Savenije, 2007; Winton, 2012). Existing literature has also examined other facets of the process, such as the roles of post‐conflict violence and economic hardship as drivers of transnational migration (Bergmann, 2019; Garni, 2010; Haaß et al., 2016; Jiménez, 2017; Marroquín Parducci, 2014). Deteriorating economic, political, security and social conditions in sending societies have not only perpetuated migration corridors established in the 1970s and 1980s, but they have also fuelled massive migration from Central America to the US in the years since then (Bergmann, 2019; Garni, 2010).…”

Section: Migration and Transnational Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Containing Violence in El Salvador: Community Organization, Transnational Networks and State–Society Relations

Pinzón

2022

Development and Change

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extant research has analysed the impact of security policies, truces and informal agreements on both the dynamics and traits of organized violence in El Salvador. However, less is understood about variation in the levels of lethal violence across subnational units. This article contributes to filling this gap. Based on a case study of the municipality of Chalatenango, the analysis shows that community organization and translocal dynamics are crucial to explaining violence containment. Local communities have managed to control the levels of lethal violence and deter criminal actors amid a national context characterized by state neglect and chronic violence. Community organization is not territorially bound but extends across transnational networks. Migrants are a source of livelihoods for the local population; they also contribute to providing public goods and participate in local forms of organization. Transnational networks have forged a migration corridor that enables immigration to the United States. In addition, community organization informally contributes to the capacity of the local state to perform its functions, thereby shaping cooperative state-society relations. This analysis sheds new light on the conditions shaping the variation in levels of violence at the subnational level and local governance dynamics.

show abstract

Section: Migration and Transnational Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Containing Violence in El Salvador: Community Organization, Transnational Networks and State–Society Relations

Pinzón

2022

Development and Change

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another example of a restrictive practice can be found in the various legal interpretations of the refugee category in international law, which may provide countries with greater control over their asylum policy (e.g., Gorman 2017). In other cases, rigid immigration policies toward certain populations of forced migrants have been driven by a narrative defining asylum-seekers as unlawful immigrants (e.g., Bergmann 2020; Musalo and Lee 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Judicial Framing and Immigration Policymaking: Israel's Policy toward Self-Claiming Palestinian Informers

Hadad

Hofnung

2023

International Migration Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

How does the use of judicial framing, a repeated selection of certain features across a large number of related cases, enable courts to be active participants in national immigration policymaking? Previous legal studies have often underestimated the judicial impact on national immigration policies and focused, instead, on courts’ limited intervention in landmark cases. In this article, we show that by repeatedly using a particular judicial framing as part of their daily practice over a large group of legal cases, courts can help form a new national policy related to forced migration without setting any explicit legal precedent that challenges the decisions of the country's security authorities and government ministries. The analysis presented here examines the Israeli High Court of Justice's engagement in Israel's immigration policymaking toward Palestinians who claimed to have worked with Israeli security agencies as collaborators and were fearful of harsh reprisals if they remained in Palestinian autonomous areas. By looking beyond the outcomes of individual cases, our analysis opens another avenue for research on courts’ hidden intervention into national immigration policy through adopting and further developing new legal categories of forced migrants as part of their practice in the national arena.

show abstract

Climate-related migration and the climate-security-migration nexus in the Central American Dry Corridor

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Central American Dry Corridor (CADC) is among the most climate-vulnerable regions worldwide. Climate change, commonly referred to as a “threat multiplier” of pre-existing socioeconomic issues, already undermines rural livelihoods by reducing agricultural yields and income opportunities. This paper provides a review of climate-related migration in the CADC region while identifying the specific pathways by which climate change manifests itself as a threat multiplier to migration. Different forms of human mobility (seasonal/temporal/permanent and internal/international migration) are increasingly attempted as adaptation strategies by affected households to diversify incomes and offset climate impacts. Preferred intra-regional migrant destinations tend to be less climate-vulnerable and also less violent. Notably, climate change is not isolated from socioeconomic and political migration drivers. Erosion of rural livelihoods reduces the costs of engaging in illicit coping strategies (e.g., illegal crop production) and simultaneously favours rapid urbanisation, which is linked to (forced) gang recruitment, primarily affecting the youth. These processes contribute to extraordinarily high violence levels, which are a major push factor for migration on their own, ultimately challenging state authority. Moreover, as outmigration from the region is projected to increase, the observed securitisation of borders, particularly along the USA-Mexico border and the Mexico-Guatemala border, while unfit to limit migration attempts, make migration more desperate and dangerous, allowing organised crime to step in and exploit migration as an economic undertaking. Thus, for the CADC, the depoliticised and simplistic narrative of migration serving as adaptation must be questioned. Policy coherence and state capacity for addressing climate-security-migration nexus challenges are critical needs.

show abstract

Violence, Migration, and the Perverse Effects of Gang Repression in Central America

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Containing Violence in El Salvador: Community Organization, Transnational Networks and State–Society Relations

Containing Violence in El Salvador: Community Organization, Transnational Networks and State–Society Relations

Judicial Framing and Immigration Policymaking: Israel's Policy toward Self-Claiming Palestinian Informers

Climate-related migration and the climate-security-migration nexus in the Central American Dry Corridor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About