Violence and the Dynamics of Transition: State, Ethnicity and Governance in Kenya

Osamba, Joshia

doi:10.4314/ad.v26i1.22131

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is worth noting that following the completion of the Kenya -Uganda railway line, out of the 32,000 indentured Asian labourers, 6,724 opted to remain in East Africa after the expiry of their contracts [16]. Some of these ex-labourers were willing to settle in the country if the government offered them financial assistance and free passage to enable their families join them [5,10,17]. The Indian office had also recommended that instead of recruiting settlers from India, these ex-labourers could be considered for land grants.…”

Section: The Origins Of Asian Sugar Plantation Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asian settlers were also offered land grants along the Kenya -Uganda railway line between Kibos and East of Muhoroni [18]. A big percentage of the pioneer Asian settlers were Punjabi, especially Sikhs who were traditionally an agricultural community [4,17].…”

Section: The Origins Of Asian Sugar Plantation Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…By 1913 there were 70 Asian settlers in the Kibos-Muhoroni area [24]. Before 1923 all the sugar cane produced was used to manufacture jaggery or unrefined sugar [17]. This was because there was no white sugar refinery in the area yet.…”

Section: The Origins Of Asian Sugar Plantation Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earliest problem that the Asian farmers encountered was lack of knowledge of local agriculture and farming technology [17,29]. Thus they experimented with sugar cane, maize, chiroco and rice among other crops in an attempt to identify crops that could be cultivated on a large scale and at a profit.…”

Section: The Origins Of Asian Sugar Plantation Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the Africans had very few wants which their economies could not meet. Moreover, the Asian merchandise and cash economy had not yet taken deep root in Kisumu County before the 1920s [17]. The Asian settlers required African labour to work in their agricultural enterprises.…”

Section: Colonial Labour Policies and Labour Supply In The Asian Sugar Plantationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Forgotten Minority: The Origins of the Asian-Owned Sugar Plantation Agriculture in Kisumu County, Kenya

Osamba¹

2016

SJAHSS

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This paper traces the origins and development of Asian sugar plantation agriculture and industry in Kisumu County of Kenya. The sugar plantation economy still remains the cornerstone of the County's economy. The study examines the factors for the emergence of the sugar plantation economy such as the completion of the Uganda railway, colonial land policies and the climatic conditions among others. The study points out that the colonial government in Kenya established and maintained authoritarian labour policies characterized by forced labour, land alienation and taxation. These colonial labour policies gradually induced Africans to join wage labour. Even though the colonial labour policies were mainly aimed at assisting the European settlers, coincidentally the Asian settlers to some extent benefitted too. Material for the study is derived from archival research, oral interviews and analysis of existing works on socioeconomic history in general and agriculture in particular. The study is informed by the underdevelopment theory. Using the perspective, the study demonstrates how colonial land and labour policies led to the underdevelopment of peasant sector in Kisumu County. The local people from the surrounding locations tended to work in the nearby Asian sugar plantations because of economic and social reasons and also because the locations were set aside for labour within Kisumu County. Although there was only a limited land alienation for Asian settlement in Kisumu County, its negative effect had become pronounced by the Second World War period. The article contends that colonial capitalism had numerous negative effects on the African peasants in Kisumu County. First, land alienation which was meant to provide land for Asian settlers and to force the local people into wage labour limited the land available to the local people. It concludes that colonialism in its manifold forms intensified the underdevelopment in Kisumu County. The study contributes to the Asian historiography in Kenya. In addition it explores the contribution of African labourers to Asians' agricultural endeavours.

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Section: The Origins Of Asian Sugar Plantation Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Origins Of Asian Sugar Plantation Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Origins Of Asian Sugar Plantation Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Origins Of Asian Sugar Plantation Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Colonial Labour Policies and Labour Supply In The Asian Sugar Plantationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Forgotten Minority: The Origins of the Asian-Owned Sugar Plantation Agriculture in Kisumu County, Kenya

Osamba¹

2016

SJAHSS

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Effects of Interethnic Conflicts on Rural People’Livelihoods in Kenya - Case of Kenyenya and Rongo Sub-Counties in the Lake Victoria Basin

Ow¹,

Dm²,

Ongaga³

2017

Arts Social Sci J

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This study sought to establish the effects of interethnic conflict on Rural People's Livelihoods in Kenyenya and Rongo Sub-counties, Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. The specific objective was to investigate the effects of interethnic conflicts on livelihoods of people along the border. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target Population consisted of 3940 households along the borders of Kenyenya and Rongo Sub-counties. 434 households consisting of 10% of the target population were selected using simple random sampling and while 32 key informants were purposeful selected. Data was collected from primary source using the local people who have been affected by the ethnic conflict. Data was collected using questionnaire and interview schedules and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic data analysis (content analysis) while the quantitative data was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. The findings were presented in frequency distribution tables and graphs. It was established that there is ethnic conflict along the borders of Kenyenya and Rongo borders involving the Luo, Kisii and Maasai Communities. The findings established that inter-ethnic conflict along the borders affected the smooth running economic activities of the people. The inter-ethnic conflict caused loss of income to the victims of violence. There was also disruption of trade during the conflicts. The study recommended the need to establish a peace building process along the borders of Kenyenya and Rongo Subcounties among grass communities to improve their role in ethnic conflict resolution. Since historical days, traditional institutions were important in creating peace, security, law and order.

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Ethnic politics and post-election violence of 2007/8 in Kenya

A¹

2014

Afr. J. Hist. Cult.

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Violence and the Dynamics of Transition: State, Ethnicity and Governance in Kenya

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

The Forgotten Minority: The Origins of the Asian-Owned Sugar Plantation Agriculture in Kisumu County, Kenya

The Forgotten Minority: The Origins of the Asian-Owned Sugar Plantation Agriculture in Kisumu County, Kenya

Effects of Interethnic Conflicts on Rural People’Livelihoods in Kenya - Case of Kenyenya and Rongo Sub-Counties in the Lake Victoria Basin

Ethnic politics and post-election violence of 2007/8 in Kenya

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