Violence and Psychiatric Disorder in the Community: Evidence From the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Surveys

Community reintegration of prisoners with mental illness: A social investment perspective

“…Inmates with a serious mental illness, inclusive of schizophrenia, other psychotic disorder, major depression, mood disorder, or bipolar disorder (McAlpine & Mechanic, 2000;Swanson, Holzer, Ganju, & Jono, 1990) were classified as high need. Placement difficulty was determined by type of conviction.…”

The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the Psychiatric Evaluation of Adults

“…A substantial body of epidemiological, cohort, and case-control studies has shown associations between the risk factors described in this guideline and medium-to long-term relative risk of aggression in populations (Coid et al 2006;Doyle and Dolan 2006;Doyle et al 2012;Elbogen and Johnson 2009;Elbogen et al 2006;Eriksson et al 2011;Falk et al 2014;Harford et al 2013;Swanson et al 1990;Ten Have et al 2014;Van Dorn et al 2012;Whittington et al 2013;Witt et al 2013). However, there is no evidence that assessment of any of these factors can predict aggression in an individual (Buchanan et al 2012;Fazel et al 2012;Large et al 2011b;Rossegger et al 2013;Singh et al 2011Singh et al , 2014Thomas et al 2005).…”

“…For example, determining whether the patient shows an "increased use of alcohol or other substances" will require a comparison of patterns of use at two or more points and then determining if a clinically significant change has occurred. Diagnostic considerations can also be relevant, because research studies have identified diagnostic subgroups, such as individuals with substance use disorders or antisocial personality disorder, who show an increased relative risk of aggression on a longterm basis in community settings (for more information, see Coid et al 2006;Doyle and Dolan 2006;Doyle et al 2012;Elbogen and Johnson 2009;Elbogen et al 2006;Eriksson et al 2011;Falk et al 2014;Harford et al 2013;Swanson et al 1990;Ten Have et al 2014;Van Dorn et al 2012). Individuals in other settings, including psychiatric inpatient or forensic units, or with specific diagnoses may show somewhat different patterns of risk factors (Cornaggia et al 2011;Dack et al 2013;Douglas et al 2009;Doyle et al 2012;Fazel et al 2009aFazel et al , 2010, with substantial variability across studies.…”

Changing the Landscape of an Urban Public Mental Health System: The 2008 New York State/New York City Mental Health-Criminal Justice Review Panel

“…[3][4][5][6][7] Clinical studies demonstrate poor outcomes, including discontinuing treatment and violent episodes, in this population. [8][9][10] The panel supported measures underway throughout the state by OMH and the NYS Office of Alcohol and Substance Abuse Services (OASAS) for mental health and substance abuse clinics to institute screening and assessment for co-occurring disorders and to link these to evidence based integrated dual diagnosis treatment.…”