Violence and Gender in Ancient Egypt

Matić, Uroš

doi:10.4324/9780429340666

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…11 Other enemies are not depicted like this in the New Kingdom Egyptian iconography, although prisoners of war are often nude in Egyptian iconography and have flaccid penises. All enemies are discursively framed in the New Kingdom Egyptian texts as feminine (Matić 2021). Such a way of depicting Libyan enemies opposes the ancient Egyptian notion of masculinity which was focused on the phallus to the extent that some authors describe the ancient Egypt as a "phallic culture" (Meskell and Joyce 2003, 95).…”

Section: The Flaccid Penis and The Lack Of Phallus Between The Aegean...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gender archaeology has produced a significant amount of work on varying historical formations of femininities, 1 while focusing less on masculinities (among else Yates 1993;Treherne 1995;Knapp 1998;Joyce 2000a;2000b;Alberti 2006;Parkinson 2008;Scher 2012;Hafsaas-Tsakos 2013;Skogstrand 2016;Frie 2018;Matić 2019a;2021). One of the crucial questions in the examination of masculinity in the past is whether the concept can be used at all to describe a set of socially defined characteristics in pre-modern societies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can express domination, power, status etc. Some archaeological studies on the social construction of warrior masculinity also dealt with its relation to the phallus (erect penis) or its lack, e.g., Yates's (1993) study of Bronze Age rock art on the west coast of Sweden, 2 Scher's study of Moche art (Scher 2012, 186-87), and Matić's (2019a;2021) study of representations of Libyan enemies in New Kingdom Egyptian art (ca. 1550(ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boy, You Fight like a Woman … Representations of Defeated Enemies, Boys and Male Nudity in the Late Bronze Age Aegean Iconography and Their Role in the Expression of Masculinity

Franković

Matić

2022

Men and Masculinities

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This paper examines depictions of male nudity, flaccid penises and phalli (erect penises) attested in the representations of boys, defeated warriors and figures of authority in the Late Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 1700–1050 BCE). It is argued that, similarly to ancient Egyptian iconography, the flaccid penis, as a sign of weakness and the lack of developed masculinity, was contrasted to the phallus, as a sign of masculine strength and sexual virility. Moreover, the paper argues that there was a gradual change in the depictions of male nudity around 1420/1400 BCE. In the period between ca. 1700–1420/1400 BCE, male nudity was restricted to representations of boys and defeated warriors. After ca. 1420/1400 BCE, most depictions of male nudity represented figures of power and authority with erect penises/phalli. We believe that the depictions of male nudity in combination with phalli were used to accentuate masculinity of such figures.

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Section: The Flaccid Penis and The Lack Of Phallus Between The Aegean...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boy, You Fight like a Woman … Representations of Defeated Enemies, Boys and Male Nudity in the Late Bronze Age Aegean Iconography and Their Role in the Expression of Masculinity

Franković

Matić

2022

Men and Masculinities

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“…Gender specific violence Pimentel et al (2018) noted that ancient Egypt's women were subject to violence and to verbal, physical and sexual abuse by men. Matić (2021), on the other hand, recognised the fact that the study of gender based violence in ancient Egypt must also take into consideration other factors that cause power imbalance such as class and ethnicity. He also noted that prior to the New Kingdom there are few known juridical documents which mention gender-based violence like rape or wife beating.…”

Section: Political Power and Queensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Domestic violence in the form of husbands beating their wives is well attested from texts on ostraca from workmen's village at Deir el-Medina. One ostracon (CGC 25521, recto 12) states that a workman was absent from work because he was beating his wife (Matić ,2021).…”

Section: Political Power and Queensmentioning

confidence: 99%

عدم المساواة بین الجنسین فى مصر القدیمة

محمود¹

2021

مجلة کلیة السیاحة والفنادق - جامعة مدینة السادات

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This article was concerned with displaying the inequality practised in the ancient Egyptian society according to the gender of its members. Though Egyptian culture was way ahead of its time when it came to female rights , it still made a clear differentiation based on birth gender favouring in many cases males over females and marginalising people of intermediate gender. For example there was a bigger percentage of educated males than females. Although females held a limited number of medical and scribal positions, the whole administration of the country was male dominated. On the other hand women practised equal legal rights when it comes to marriage, divorce and representing themselves in courts. Roles of third gender were not emphasised in funerary sources probably due to the ancient Egyptian beliefs about cosmology.

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Cranial injuries in ancient Egypt: Three cases of interpersonal violence in the dynastic necropolis of Qubbet el‐Hawa (Aswan, Egypt)

Guimarey Duarte,

Rubio Salvador,

Alba Gómez

et al. 2024

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Violence seems to have been a constant in Egyptian history, as attested by documentary sources. The material culture also reflects this state of violence; however, anthropological findings, although present, are not as numerous as might be expected. In the present study, we analyze the injuries found in three crania (New Kingdom, 1500–1070 BCE) from the necropolis of Qubbet el‐Hawa, near the island of Elephantine (Aswan, Egypt). All three cases are adult males with several injuries caused by a sharp‐edged weapon, with no signs of survival. The macroscopic analysis of the wounds was combined with archaeological and historical data to provide an explanation of the possible weapon used and the possible scenarios (intergroup or intragroup violence) where these deaths could have occurred. These cranial injuries leave no doubt as to the intentionality and repetition in the act of causing death. These findings offer clear evidence and reliable information that contributes to the understanding of interpersonal violence and its potential causes in ancient Egypt.

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Violence and Gender in Ancient Egypt

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Boy, You Fight like a Woman … Representations of Defeated Enemies, Boys and Male Nudity in the Late Bronze Age Aegean Iconography and Their Role in the Expression of Masculinity

Boy, You Fight like a Woman … Representations of Defeated Enemies, Boys and Male Nudity in the Late Bronze Age Aegean Iconography and Their Role in the Expression of Masculinity

عدم المساواة بین الجنسین فى مصر القدیمة

Cranial injuries in ancient Egypt: Three cases of interpersonal violence in the dynastic necropolis of Qubbet el‐Hawa (Aswan, Egypt)

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