Urinary tract infection is a common problem of elderly populations. Clinical trials addressing urinary infection in the elderly frequently use nonstandardized diagnostic criteria, which compromises the validity of conclusions. Studies of prevention of infection in postmenopausal women in the community consistently report outcomes similar to observations in premenopausal women. Antimicrobial prophylaxis or self-treatment is effective, and cranberry products or probiotics are not beneficial. Critical evaluation of nursing home populations reports no association between nonspecific, nonlocalizing symptoms of any duration and bacteriuria. Optimal antimicrobial use for urinary infection, particularly for residents of long term care facilities, remains challenging. A high proportion of residents in some facilities receive prophylactic therapy to prevent urinary tract infections without evidence to support this practice. Evaluations of multifaceted antimicrobial stewardship programs to improve antimicrobial use in nursing homes report modest benefits.