“…6. The movement of migrants has contributed to the revival of old trading posts such as Tomboctou (Mali) and Agadès (Niger), and contributed to the growth of towns and cities elsewhere in the desert, including Gao (Mali), Dirkou (Niger), Sebha (Libya), and Tamanrasset, Illizi, and Djanet (Algeria) (Baxter, 2002;Bensaâd, 2002Bensaâd, , 2003Boubakri, 2000;Gantin, 2001;Ouzani, 2004;Pastore, 2004;Pliez, 2000…”