Viking and Early Middle Ages Northern Scandinavian Textiles Proven to be made with Hemp

Skoglund, Git; Nockert, Margareta; Holst, Bodil

doi:10.1038/srep02686

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…We have found that the modified Herzog test can be applied to degraded, archaeological material from the Scandinavian Viking Age (Skoglund et al . ; Lukešová et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is It Hop? Identifying Hop Fibres in a European Historical Context

et al. 2018

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Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is an ancient perennial crop plant, native to the Northern Hemisphere. The archaeological evidence dates back to at least the sixth century AD in Europe. Hop has been used for beer brewing, in sleeping draughts, as bedding and for antibacterial purposes. Less known is that hop fibres have also been used for textiles and paper. However, it is difficult to distinguish hop from other bast fibres. Here, we present a set of fibre features, which, when found together in an archaeological/historical material within a European context, provide a strong indication that the fibres are hop.

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“…We have found that the modified Herzog test can be applied to degraded, archaeological material from the Scandinavian Viking Age (Skoglund et al . ; Lukešová et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is It Hop? Identifying Hop Fibres in a European Historical Context

et al. 2018

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“…Medical Cannabis, or more precisely medical marihuana, was already cultivated and used in the ancient times, due to its pharmaceutical properties and intoxicating effects [94,95,96]. However, medical marihuana, known for its high amounts of tetra hydro cannabinol, which is responsible for the intoxicating effect and the socalled "high-feeling", was prohibited by the Us Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 in the United States of America [94].…”

Section: Medical Use Of Cannabismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis, the Plant of the Unlimited Possibilities

Dölle

Kurzmann

2019

AIR

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This review paper gives an overview of Cannabis Sativa, also known as hemp, which has been cultivated and used century's B.C. due to its medical, hallucinogenic and agricultural properties. Cannabis has been described in 1938 as the billion-dollar plant but has lost its value in the U.S. due to regulatory and legislative issues. Hemp has seen as new push In the U.S. with the introduction of the 2018 Farm Bill which allows on a federal level to grow hemp, pending on individual state regulations. Currently, industrial hemp production is allowed in at least 38 U.S. States under strict regulations. Today hemp is used in counties that do not have as strict regulations as the U.S. in a variety of applications such as beauty products, carpets, cooking oil, personal care products and textiles. Hemp can be considered as an alternative feedstock due to its low lignin and high cellulose level for biofuel application as an alternative to replace petroleum-based fuels and gases. In the U.S. hemp research in these areas has stalled due to the complexity of the law. Beside industrial application such as ropes, textiles, shoes, etc., hemp today is used in pharmaceutical and medical applications, by extracting Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinoids from the leaves and fluorescence of the hemp plant that contain no more than of up to 0.3% of these compounds. The use of hemp plants with higher levels are strictly forbidden in most countries. Several extraction processes of cannabinoids from hemp are used They all use a solvent for extraction but differ in terms of efficiency, usage range and other factors influencing the extraction. Nonetheless, overconsumption of cannabis products can be associated with several side effects, that can cause serious physiological and psychological damage in the human body may cause serious damage.

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“…Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), which has a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content <0.3%, is a fibre crop historically used for textiles [1], and is currently considered a renewable resource for the provision of fibres substituting synthetic ones in composites [2,3]. Besides the application-oriented aspects of this crop, hemp is an interesting model to study questions related to lignification and the development of cellulose-rich (i.e., gelatinous) secondary cell walls (SCWs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Analysis of Cell Wall-Related Genes in Cannabis sativa: The “Ins and Outs” of Hemp Stem Tissue Development

Behr

Lutts

Hausman

et al. 2018

Fibers

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Textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multipurpose crop producing biomass with uses in e.g., the textile, biocomposite, and construction sectors. It was previously shown that the hypocotyl of hemp is useful to study the kinetics of secondary tissue development, where primary and secondary growths are temporally uncoupled. We here sought to demonstrate that the stem of adult hemp plants is an additional suitable model to study the heterogeneous lignification of the tissues and the mechanisms underlying secondary cell wall formation in bast fibres. A targeted quantitative PCR analysis carried out on a set of twenty genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis clearly showed differences in expression in the core and cortical tissues along four stem regions spanning from elongation to cell wall thickening. Genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and secondary cell wall cellulose synthases were expressed at higher levels in core tissues at the bottom, while specific genes, notably a class III peroxidase and a gene partaking in lignan biosynthesis, were highly expressed in the cortex of elongating internodes. The two systems, the hypocotyl and the adult stem of textile hemp, are equally valid and complementary to address questions related to lignification and secondary cell wall deposition.

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Viking and Early Middle Ages Northern Scandinavian Textiles Proven to be made with Hemp

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

Is It Hop? Identifying Hop Fibres in a European Historical Context

Is It Hop? Identifying Hop Fibres in a European Historical Context

Cannabis, the Plant of the Unlimited Possibilities

Expression Analysis of Cell Wall-Related Genes in Cannabis sativa: The “Ins and Outs” of Hemp Stem Tissue Development

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