VII. La cité hydraulique angkorienne : exploitation ou surexploitation du sol ?

Groslier, Bernard Philippe

doi:10.3406/befeo.1979.4014

Cited by 76 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…Paradoxically, however, even as they gave rise to the Khmer Empire, these same technologies of water management also created systemic vulnerabilities at Angkor, as Groslier noted several decades ago (29). The archaeological record shows that episodes of failure were commonplace within the hydraulic infrastructure within the medieval period (5,(32)(33)(34)(35), and this partly explains the sequence of construction of ever-larger reservoirs on the Angkor plain over many centuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As has been argued for at least 30 y (6,7,28,29), resolving questions relating to the scale, structure, and population density of Angkor is critically important not only for evaluating the sustainability of settlement growth there, but also for explaining the collapse of classical Angkorian civilization and for understanding the nature of early urbanism in tropical forest environments in general.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with the Maya, the sharp seasonality of water availability and unpredictable levels of annual rainfall presented significant challenges to the sustainability of inland agrarian populations in Southeast Asia (9,29,30). The success of those communities often revolved around their ability to develop and implement solutions to the problem of water scarcity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The success of those communities often revolved around their ability to develop and implement solutions to the problem of water scarcity. At Angkor, the transition from basic subsistence-level agricultural communities to a complex state-level society was catalyzed by advances in hydraulic engineering (29). Over several centuries, increasingly sophisticated technologies of water management helped to guarantee a baseline water supply and afforded a measure of resilience against the uncertainties of the tropical climate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uncovering archaeological landscapes at Angkor using lidar

Evans

Fletcher

Pottier

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

282

209

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Previous archaeological mapping work on the successive medieval capitals of the Khmer Empire located at Angkor, in northwest Cambodia (∼9th to 15th centuries in the Common Era, C.E.), has identified it as the largest settlement complex of the preindustrial world, and yet crucial areas have remained unmapped, in particular the ceremonial centers and their surroundings, where dense forest obscures the traces of the civilization that typically remain in evidence in surface topography. Here we describe the use of airborne laser scanning (lidar) technology to create high-precision digital elevation models of the ground surface beneath the vegetation cover. We identify an entire, previously undocumented, formally planned urban landscape into which the major temples such as Angkor Wat were integrated. Beyond these newly identified urban landscapes, the lidar data reveal anthropogenic changes to the landscape on a vast scale and lend further weight to an emerging consensus that infrastructural complexity, unsustainable modes of subsistence, and climate variation were crucial factors in the decline of the classical Khmer civilization.Southeast Asia | urbanism | sustainability | resilience | water management

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Uncovering archaeological landscapes at Angkor using lidar

Evans

Fletcher

Pottier

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

282

209

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ангкор как столица был оставлен в 1430 г., но район Ангкора, вопреки распространенному мнению, не был брошен и продолжал развиваться, судя по результатам аэровизуальных наблюдений и анализа аэрофотоснимков района Ангкора; подтверждения этому содержатся в сообщениях испанских и португальских путешественников (Groslier, 1979). В рукописи монаха Антония де Магдалена, посетившего Ангкор в 1585 -1586 гг., приводятся данные официального летописца Португальской Индии Диегу до Кусту о том, что в 1550 или 1551 г. король Камбоджи отправился на охоту на слонов в наиболее непроходимые джунгли, которые существовали в центральных -равнинных районах его королевства.…”

Section: горные архивы палеоэкологической информации наunclassified

Ancient Continental Dunes in Eastern Europe, Their Distribution, Age, Wind Direction

Drenova¹,

Velichko²

2016

Routes of Evolutionary Geography

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Spatial Configurations of Water Management at an Early Angkorian Capital – Combining GPR and TerraSAR‐X Data to Complement an Archaeological Map

Sonnemann

2015

Archaeological Prospection

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Hariharalaya was a medieval political centre of the eighth-ninth century CE, located on the northern shore of Lake Tonle Sap in Cambodia. Mapped in detail in the 1990s by means of aerial photographs and ground surveys, more recently ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and high-resolution satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) were applied to further interpret this complex archaeological landscape. In combination with remote sensing imagery, the two radiofrequencybased imaging techniques were used to complement the existing archaeological maps. The area housed an extensive low-density urban complex of earthen mounds and ponds, approximately 5 × 5 km square and centring on the Bakong, an early Angkorian state temple, crossed and encircled by a mostly disconnected water-management network of embankments and canals. Extensive GPR surveys, conducted predominantly on the existing small roads and paths criss-crossing the landscape, appraise the visible archaeological features with subsurface information. The analysis verifies the existence of channels and embankments, complementing the information with depth and width. The identification of additional, now desiccated, canals and river channels assisted in connecting a number of already mapped archaeological features, and helped to distinguish possible later additions, thereby untangling the water-management network. Spotlight TerrSAR-X satellite data together with satellite images of the visual spectrum complemented the analysis, by providing information about water saturation in areas inaccessible to ground surveys, marking out palaeochannels and providing clues about the landscape before development took place. This three-dimensional interpretation informs on the functioning of this particular early Angkorian hydraulic system, adding to the understanding of water management in medieval Southeast Asia.

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VII. La cité hydraulique angkorienne : exploitation ou surexploitation du sol ?

Cited by 76 publications

References 0 publications

Uncovering archaeological landscapes at Angkor using lidar

Uncovering archaeological landscapes at Angkor using lidar

Ancient Continental Dunes in Eastern Europe, Their Distribution, Age, Wind Direction

Spatial Configurations of Water Management at an Early Angkorian Capital – Combining GPR and TerraSAR‐X Data to Complement an Archaeological Map

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