Vigilanz: Psychophysiologische Aspekte

Bente, D

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-85452-1_223

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These changes in the computer-assisted spectral-analyzed EEG are indicative of deterioration in vigilance. Vigilance was defined by Head (1923) as the availability and grade of organization of human's adaptive behavior dependent upon the dynamic state of the neuronal network, which in turn may be measured objectively and quantitatively by the computer-analyzed EEG (Bente, 1977;Saletu, 1981Saletu, , 1986Saletu, , 1989Saletu and Grfinberger, 1985b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain protection of nicergoline against hypoxia: EEG brain mapping and psychometry

Saletu¹,

Grünberger²,

Linzmayer³

et al. 1990

J Neural Transm Gen Sect

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In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial human brain function and mental performance as well as the antihypoxidotic properties of nicergoline were studied utilizing blood gas analysis, EEG brain mapping and psychometry. Hypoxic hypoxidosis was experimentally induced by a fixed gas combination of 9.8% oxygen (O2) and 90.2% nitrogen (N2) equivalent to 6,000 m altitude, which was inhaled for 23 min under normobaric conditions by 16 healthy volunteers. They received randomized after an adaptation session placebo, 10 mg, 30 mg and 60 mg nicergoline (NIC). Evaluation of blood gases, brain mapping and psychometry was carried out at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 hrs oral drug administration. Blood gas analysis demonstrated a drop in PO2 from 95 to 35 and 34 mm Hg in the 14 and 23 min of inhalation, respectively. PCO2 decreased too (38 to 34 and 34 mm Hg), while pH increased (7.39 to 7.44 and 7.44). Base excess increased (-0.6 to 0.6 and 0.4) while standard bicarbonate decreased (24.4 to 24.1 and 23.8 mmol/l). Thus, blood gases remained stable between the 14 and 23 min of hypoxia during which time the neurophysiological and behavioral evaluations were carried out. EEG brain mapping exhibited an increase in delta/theta activity mostly over the parietal, temporal and central regions (left more than right), while alpha activity decreased (mostly over the parietal, central, frontal, fronto-temporal and temporo-occipital regions). 30 and 60 mg NIC attenuated this deterioration of vigilance. At the behavioral level, hypoxic hypoxidosis induced a deterioration of the noo- and thymospsyche which was mitigated by NIC. Based on 13 psychometric variables, the hypoxia-induced performance decrement was on the overall (2nd-8th hr) 43% after placebo as compared with pretreatment normoxic values, while only 29, 24 and 31% after 10, 30 and 60 mg nicergoline, respectively. The difference between placebo and the optimal dosage of nicergoline 30 mg reached the level of statistical significance (p less than 0.01, multiple Wilcoxon).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain protection of nicergoline against hypoxia: EEG brain mapping and psychometry

Saletu¹,

Grünberger²,

Linzmayer³

et al. 1990

J Neural Transm Gen Sect

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“…By vigilance we have understood since Head [24] the availability and grade of organization of man's adaptive behavior dependent upon the dynamic state of the neuronal network. The latter may be measured objec tively and quantitatively by computer-assisted spectral analyzed EEG [25][26][27][28][29], The above described changes are of interest as they seem to be typical of so-called antihypoxidotic/nootropic drugs [9,27,28,[30][31][32] and as they represent alterations in the CNS which are opposed to changes seen in normally and pathologically aging sub jects. It is a well-known fact that the human EEG shows progressive slowing of background activity with advanc ing age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG Brain Mapping and Psychometry in Age-Associated Memory Impairment after Acute and 2-Week Infusions with the Hemoderivative Actovegin®: Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials

Saletu

Grünberger²,

Linzmayer³

et al. 1990

Neuropsychobiology

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In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study the encephalotropic and psychotropic effects of Actovegin® -a protein-free metabolically active hemoderivative improving oxygen and glucose utilization – were investigated in age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) patients, utilizing EEG brain mapping, psychometric and psychophysiological analyses. Each patient had a treatment of 2 weeks with 250 ml 20% Actovegin and 250 ml placebo daily with an interval of 3 weeks in between (the order of drugs sequence was randomized). Pharmacodynamic evaluations were carried out 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after the administration of one single infusion on day 1 (acute effect), at 0 h on day 15 (subacute effect) as well as 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after one additional superimposed infusion on day 15 (superimposed effect). EEG brain mapping demonstrated that Actovegin exerted a significant action on the human brain function as compared with placebo characterized by a decrease of delta and theta, an increase of alpha-adjacent slow beta, a decrease of fast beta, an acceleration of the centroid of the delta/theta and alpha activity, a slowing of the beta centroid and an increase of the centroid of the total activity. Topographically the encephalotropic effects were mostly pronounced in the parietal, frontocentral and temporooccipital regions. These changes are indicative of an improvement of vigilance which was proven also by psychometric investigations at the behavioral level. Actovegin improved the noopsyche mostly in regard to attention, memory and rigidity/perseveration measures. In regard to the thymopsyche an improvement was noted in mood, affectivity, well-being and sedation. Psychophysiological evaluations demonstrated an increase in CFF, skin conductance, pupillary diameter and shortening of the latency and augmentation of the amplitude of the pupillary response. Time-efficacy calculations exhibited more effect after subacute than acute administration with the pharmacodynamic maximum in the 4th h after the superimposed dose. Evaluations of pulse, blood pressure and side effects demonstrated a very good tolerability of the drug. Our present neurophysiological, psychometric and psychophysiological findings confirm earlier results obtained in elderlies with similar methodology.

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“…The latter, however, can be measured objectivelv and quantitivelv bv the EEG (Bente, 1977;Saletu, 1976Saletu, , 1986Saletu, , 1988Saletu & Grunberger, 1985). (Saletu & Grunberger, 1985).…”

Section: Pharmaco-eeg Maps Of Individual Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG brain mapping in evaluating the time‐course of the central action of DUP 996‐a new acetylcholine releasing drug.

Saletu

Darragh

Salmon

et al. 1989

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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Computer-assisted spectral analysis of the EEG and subsequent topographic brain mapping of the drug-induced EEG changes demonstrated significant central effects of DUP 996 suggesting vigilance-improving properties. The findings were characterized mostly by an augmentation of total power as well as by an increase of absolute power in the alpha and alpha-adjacent beta activity. 4 Time-course investigations demonstrated two pharmacodynamic peaks: a first one in the 2nd h and a second one in the 12th h. In detail CNS effects increased up to the 2nd h, showed a drop in the 4th h, increased again thereafter to peak in the 12th h. Even in the 24th h there were significant differences between DUP 996 and placebo. The latter suggests an indirect effect and/or an active metabolite, as the parent drug is rapidly absorbed and has a rather short plasma half-life between 1-3 h. 5 DUP 996-induced EEG-changes over time were most pronounced over temporooccipital, temporo-frontal, parietal and frontal regions, e.g. over brain areas afflicted most by Alzheimer's disease. 6 Evaluation of vital signs, laboratory findings and ECG as well as adverse effects showed a very good tolerability of DUP 996.

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Vigilanz: Psychophysiologische Aspekte

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Brain protection of nicergoline against hypoxia: EEG brain mapping and psychometry

Brain protection of nicergoline against hypoxia: EEG brain mapping and psychometry

EEG Brain Mapping and Psychometry in Age-Associated Memory Impairment after Acute and 2-Week Infusions with the Hemoderivative Actovegin®: Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials

EEG brain mapping in evaluating the time‐course of the central action of DUP 996‐a new acetylcholine releasing drug.

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