Vigilance behaviour of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the context of wildlife-viewing activities at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada

Dyck, Markus; Baydack, Richard K.

doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(03)00204-0

Cited by 87 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Generally, our findings are similar to observations made elsewhere [27,28]. It is acknowledged that males tend to spend more of their time being vigilant compared to their female counterparts [21,29]. Similar observations have been witnessed in impala (e.g., [27,28]), springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis,e.g., [30]), gazelles (Procapra picticaudata e.g., [31,32]), ring-tailed coati (Nasua nasua,e.g., [33]), among others.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Activity Budgets of Impala (Aepyceros melampus) in Closed Environments: The Mukuvisi Woodland Experience, Zimbabwe

Muposhi

Muvengwi

Beven

et al. 2013

International Journal of Biodiversity

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Activity pattern plasticity in ungulates serves as an evolutionary adaptation to optimize fitness in inconsistent environments. Given that time is a limited and valuable resource for foraging wildlife species, provisioning and attraction may affect the activity pattern plasticity and reduce complexities of time partitioning for different activities by impala in closed environments. We assessed activity budgets of free-ranging impala social groups in a closed environment. Social group type had an influence on the activity budgets of impala except for foraging and moving activity states. Both the harem and bachelor groups spent more than 30% of their daily time foraging. Bachelor groups spent more time exhibiting vigilance tendencies than the harem groups. Season influenced the activity budgets of social groups other than vigilance and foraging activity states. Foraging time was highly correlated with vigilance, resting, and grooming. We concluded that provisioning and attraction may have reduced the influence of seasonality on the proportion of time spent on different activity states by impala social groups. There is a need to establish long-term socioecological, physiological, and reproductive consequences of provisioning and habituation on impala under closed environments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The activities of impala social groups were classified into nine categories based on other studies [17][18][19]21] and personal observations. In this study, social interaction, mating behaviour, and nursing were combined (Table 1).…”

Section: Behaviour Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity Budgets of Impala (Aepyceros melampus) in Closed Environments: The Mukuvisi Woodland Experience, Zimbabwe

Muposhi

Muvengwi

Beven

et al. 2013

International Journal of Biodiversity

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“…Moreover, where disturbance is concentrated in critical habitat, animals may have no other option but to stay (e.g. Creel et al 2002;Dyck & Baydack 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting short-term behavioural responses to disturbance within a longitudinal perspective

et al. 2006

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We documented immediate, behavioural responses of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) to experimental vessel approaches in regions of high and low vessel traffic in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Experimental vessel approaches elicited significant changes in the behaviour of targeted dolphins when compared with their behaviour before and after approaches. During approaches, focal dolphin groups became more compact, had higher rates of change in membership and had more erratic speeds and directions of travel. Dolphins in the region of low vessel traffic (control site) had stronger and longer-lasting responses than did dolphins in the region of high vessel traffic (impact site). In the absence of additional information, the moderated behavioural responses of impact-site dolphins probably would be interpreted to mean that long-term vessel activity within a region of tourism had no detrimental effect on resident dolphins. However, another study showed that dolphin-watching tourism in Shark Bay has contributed to a long-term decline in dolphin abundance within the impact site (Bejder et al., in press, Conservation Biology). Those findings suggest that we documented moderated responses not because impact-site dolphins had become habituated to vessels but because those individuals that were sensitive to vessel disturbance left the region before our study began. This reinterpretation of our findings led us to question the traditional premise that short-term behavioural responses are sufficient indicators of impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on wildlife.

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“…It is likely that this management framework would apply equally to other species of wild animals, such as penguins (see Seddon & Ellenberg 2007), fish (Milazzo et al 2006), polar bears (see Dyck & Baydack 2004), pinnipeds (see ) and terrestrial mammals (see Nevin & Gilbert 2005), which become the subject of growing tourist demand, as has been the case in recent years with the rapid development of the phenomenon of whale-watching. While comprehensive and adaptive management approaches should be developed and applied to promote the prospects of the long-term sustainable management of tourist interactions with wild animals, the case relating to cetaceans is perhaps most urgent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated and adaptive management model to address the long-term sustainability of tourist interactions with cetaceans

2008

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SUMMARYRapid growth in demand for tourist interactions with cetaceans in the wild constitutes a challenge to management. Short-term animal behaviour changes can have long-term biological consequences for individual animals and populations. This paper reviews the whale-watching management context, describing the interplay of the macro (global), meso (national/regional) and micro-level (local/site specific) policy, planning and management settings. Here, an integrated and adaptive management model based largely upon the delineation and monitoring of limits of acceptable change (LAC) parameters is proposed to address current shortcomings in the long-term sustainable management of whale-watching activities. Although no integrated management framework currently exists, a comprehensive management approach must be developed and applied in the interests of the long-term sustainable management of tourist interactions with cetaceans in the wild. The proposed management model highlights the importance of integrating multiple stakeholder perspectives in a way that is both research-informed and adaptive. Beyond tourist interactions with cetaceans, this management framework could be applied to a wide range of wildlife management contexts.

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Vigilance behaviour of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the context of wildlife-viewing activities at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada

Cited by 87 publications

References 59 publications

Activity Budgets of Impala (Aepyceros melampus) in Closed Environments: The Mukuvisi Woodland Experience, Zimbabwe

Activity Budgets of Impala (Aepyceros melampus) in Closed Environments: The Mukuvisi Woodland Experience, Zimbabwe

Interpreting short-term behavioural responses to disturbance within a longitudinal perspective

An integrated and adaptive management model to address the long-term sustainability of tourist interactions with cetaceans

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