Viewpoint: The Present Status and Future Prospects of Squirreltail Research

Jones, Thomas A.

doi:10.2307/4003419

Cited by 46 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Key Words: cheatgrass, crested wheatgrass, rangeland reseeding, restoration, sagebrush-steppe Natural succession has been suggested as a model for restoration and management of disturbed plant communities (Luken 1990, Hironaka 1994, Jones 1997, 1998, Brown and Amacher 1999. In wildland restoration, 3 basic components of succession may be used to determine the suitability of land for intervention: site availability, species availability, and species performance (Rosenberg and Freedman 1984, Pickett et al 1987, Luken 1990, Sheley et al 1996.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Native grasses and shrubs emerged in greater numbers on treatments established on the crested wheatgrass matrix than on those established on the cheatgrass matrix. Perhaps in general, but especially in years with normal or below average precipitation, the assisted succession approach proved successful for restoration of native sagebrush-grassland steppe from cheatgrass range.Key Words: cheatgrass, crested wheatgrass, rangeland reseeding, restoration, sagebrush-steppe Natural succession has been suggested as a model for restoration and management of disturbed plant communities (Luken 1990, Hironaka 1994, Jones 1997, 1998, Brown and Amacher 1999. In wildland restoration, 3 basic components of succession may be used to determine the suitability of land for intervention: site availability, species availability, and species performance (Rosenberg and Freedman 1984, Pickett et al 1987, Luken 1990, Sheley et al 1996.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Increasing native diversity of cheatgrass-dominated rangeland through assisted succession

Cox¹,

Anderson²

2004

REM

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Increasing attention, resources and efforts are being focused on the conversion of weedy dominated rangelands back to perennial plant communities that resemble predisturbance communities in form, function and composition. A study was conducted in 1998 and replicated again in 1999 to determine whether native plants could be established through "assisted succession" -manipulating a cheatgrass-dominated area to perennial plant domination, then to native or near -native diversity. Cheatgrass dominated rangeland that had been successfully revegetated with crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertner) was seeded with native species. Another area dominated by cheatgrass, but without crested wheatgrass, was also seeded. Four seedbed preparation methods were investigated: tilling, harrowing, application of a herbicide, and no treatment. Four different seeding methods were used in the 2 areas and 4 seedbed preparation techniques: drilling, broadcasting, a broadcast -cover method, and no seed. Seeding was done in February, and data were collected in mid -summer each year. Native grasses and shrubs emerged in greater numbers on treatments established on the crested wheatgrass matrix than on those established on the cheatgrass matrix. Perhaps in general, but especially in years with normal or below average precipitation, the assisted succession approach proved successful for restoration of native sagebrush-grassland steppe from cheatgrass range.Key Words: cheatgrass, crested wheatgrass, rangeland reseeding, restoration, sagebrush-steppe Natural succession has been suggested as a model for restoration and management of disturbed plant communities (Luken 1990, Hironaka 1994, Jones 1997, 1998, Brown and Amacher 1999. In wildland restoration, 3 basic components of succession may be used to determine the suitability of land for intervention: site availability, species availability, and species performance (Rosenberg and Freedman 1984, Pickett et al. 1987, Luken 1990, Sheley et al. 1996. Each of these may be initiated, modified, or curtailed by restorationists with the aim of affecting the trajectory of succession.The difficulty of seeding native species directly into areas dominated by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) and other exotic annuals is well documented (Campbell and Swain 1973, Pellant 1990, Allen 1995, Beckstead et al. 1995, Monsen and McArthur 1995 nar si las plantas nativas pudieran ser establecidas a través de "sucesión asistida ", esto es, manipulando un área dominada por "Cheatgrass" para que dominen las plantas perennes y alcanzar una diversidad igual o cercana a la original. Un pastizal dominado por "Cheatgrass" que había sido revegetado exitosamente con "Crested wheatgrass" (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertner) se sembró con especies nativas. Otra área dominada por "Cheatgrass "pero sin "Crested wheatgrass" también fue sembrada. Se investigaron cuatro métodos de preparación de la cama de siembra: Labranza, barbecho, aplicación de un herbicida y no tratamiento. En las dos áreas se usaron cuatro méto...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing native diversity of cheatgrass-dominated rangeland through assisted succession

Cox¹,

Anderson²

2004

REM

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“…In our study, for example, the native perennial bottlebrush squirreltail (a C 3 graminoid), dominated the initial herbaceous standing crop response to thinning (Casey 2004;Laughlin et al 2006). Squirreltail can colonize sites quickly and it performs well in a variety of light conditions (Vose and White 1991;Jones 1998;Naumberg and DeWald 1999;Naumberg et al 2001).…”

Section: Thinning Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low-intensity fire creates conditions suitable for early successional species by increasing bare ground for germination sites, increasing short-term nutrient availability, and removing dominant competitors (Denslow 1983;Collins and Gibson 1990;Whelan 1995;Crawford et al 2001). Bottlebrush squirreltail is an early and rapid colonizer of disturbed sites (Jones 1998) and generally increases following low-intensity fall burns (Young and Miller 1985).…”

Section: Fire Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbaceous Vegetation Responses (1992-2004) to Restoration Treatments in a Ponderosa Pine Forest

Moore¹,

Casey²,

Bakker³

2006

REM

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Ecological restoration treatments are widely applied in southwestern ponderosa pine forests to convert them to an open canopy structure similar to that found at the time of Euro-American settlement. An experiment was initiated in northern Arizona in 1994 to evaluate long-term ecosystem responses to 3 restoration treatments: 1) thinning from below (thinning), 2) thinning from below plus forest floor manipulation with periodic prescribed burning (composite), and 3) an untreated control. Results focus on total herbaceous and functional-group standing crop response to these restoration treatments. Pretreatment data were collected in 1992 and posttreatment responses were measured from 1994 through 2004. Total herbaceous standing crop was significantly higher on the 2 treated areas than on the control over the entire posttreatment period, but did not differ between the thinning and composite treatments. Plant functional groups responded differently to treatments and to drought. In general, the graminoid standing crop responded within several years after the initial treatments and continued to increase through time, until a series of severe droughts reduced standing crop to pretreatment levels. C 3 graminoids dominated the standing-crop response, of which bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey ssp. elymoides) was the primary contributor. C 4 graminoids had a minimal response to restoration treatments, possibly because they were less abundant before the experiment began or because they were adversely affected by autumn burning. Legumes and forbs exhibited a 4-5 year lag before responding to the thinning and composite treatments. Annual and biennial plants showed a large biomass increase approximately 5 years after implementation of the composite treatment. The restoration goal of optimizing herbaceous standing crop must be weighed against the competing goals of increasing the abundance of specific functional groups, increasing biodiversity or rare plants, and managing invasive plant species. ResumenLos tratamientos de restauració n ecoló gica son ampliamente aplicados en los bosques de ''Ponderosa pine'' del sudoeste para convertirlos en una estructura de cobertura abierta similar a la que se encontró en el tiempo de la colonizació n Euroamericana. En 1994, en el norte de Arizona, se inicio un experimento para evaluar las respuestas a largo lazo del ecosistema a tres tratamientos de restauració n: 1) aclareo desde abajo (aclareo); 2) Aclareo desde abajo mas manipulació n del piso del bosque con fuego prescrito perió dico (compuesto) y 3) control sin tratar. Los resultados se enfocaron en la respuesta de la biomasa total herbá cea y de grupos funcionales a estos tratamientos de restauració n. Los datos pre-tratamiento fueron colectados en 1992 y las respuestas post-tratamientos fueron medidas de 1994 a 2004. Durante todo el periodo post-tratamiento la biomasa total herbá cea de las dos á reas tratadas fue significativamente mayor que la del á rea control, pero no difirió entre los tratamientos d...

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“…Melderis) and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) (Hironaka and Tisdale 1963, Hironaka and Sindelar 1973, 1975. Rapid seed germination, vigorous seedling development, and the presence of a disarticulating seed head that facilitates seed dispersal by wind are characteristics promoting the establishment of this species on weed dominated sites (Hironaka and Sindelar 1973, Mack and Pyke 1984, Jones 1998.…”

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confidence: 99%

Technical Note: Early harvest of squirreltail seed

Doescher¹

2001

REM

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Squirreltail (Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.J. G. Smith), a native, coolseason perennial bunchgrass of the Intermountain West has been shown to reinvade degraded rangelands invaded by exotic annual weeds. However, one limitation to mechanical seed collection of this species is the disarticulating nature of the rachis at seed maturity. The purpose of this reseach was to determine if early harvest of the inflorescence before disarticulation would result in viable seed. After anthesis, seeds were collected weekly in 1995 and about every 10 days in 1996 at a research site near Prineville, Oregon. Seeds were germinated for 21 days at a constant temperature of 20°C. Germinable seeds were present at all collection dates from late anthesis to seed shatter in 1995, and all but early anthesis in 1996. Total germination, rate of germination and seed weight increased as seeds were collected later in the summer. Collection of squirreltail seed when a majority of seed awns have moved from a reddish to a divergent, straw colored appearance resulted in germination properties similar to fully mature seed. This occured about 1 week prior to the onset of seed head disarticulation.

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Viewpoint: The Present Status and Future Prospects of Squirreltail Research

Cited by 46 publications

References 40 publications

Increasing native diversity of cheatgrass-dominated rangeland through assisted succession

Increasing native diversity of cheatgrass-dominated rangeland through assisted succession

Herbaceous Vegetation Responses (1992-2004) to Restoration Treatments in a Ponderosa Pine Forest

Technical Note: Early harvest of squirreltail seed

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