Viewpoint: Homeostasis as Inspiration—Toward Interactive Materials

Lerch, Michael M.; Grinthal, Alison; Aizenberg, Joanna

doi:10.1002/adma.201905554

“…The third challenge is applying autocatalysis in materials science. We could utilize autocatalysis to create materials with intricate structures or engineer unique responsive properties into materials [187] . Pojman studied frontal polymerization driven by a heat front or from various autocatalytic reactions [188] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We could utilize autocatalysis to create materials with intricate structures or engineer unique responsive properties into materials. [187] Pojman studied frontal polymerization driven by a heat front or from various autocatalytic reactions. [188] The next interesting step might be to destabilize this front for the synthesis of complex intricate structures such as fractal trees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autocatalysis: Kinetics, Mechanisms and Design

Hanopolskyi

¹

,

Smaliak

²

,

Novichkov

³

et al. 2020

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The importance of autocatalysis spans from practical applications such as in chemically amplified photoresists, to autocatalysis playing a fundamental role in evolution as well as a plausible key role in the origin of life. The phenomenon of autocatalysis is characterized by its kinetic signature rather than by its mechanistic aspects. The molecules that form autocatalytic systems and the mechanisms underlying autocatalytic reactions are very diverse. This chemical diversity, combined with the strong involvement of chemical kinetics, creates a formidable barrier for entrance to the field. Understanding these challenges, we wrote this Review with three main goals in mind: (i) To provide a basic introduction to the kinetics of autocatalytic systems and its relation to the role of autocatalysis in evolution, (ii) To provide a comprehensive overview, including tables, of synthetic chemical autocatalytic systems, and (iii) To provide an in‐depth analysis of the concept of autocatalytic reaction networks, their design, and perspectives for their development.

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“…Ultimately, a better understanding of such systems and the associated chemistry can bring us closer to the design of manmade signal responsive and interactive materials. 29,30,31,44…”

Section: Perspective and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of Catalysis to Bias Reaction Pathways in out Of-Equilibrium Systems

Helm¹,

Beun²,

Eelkema

³

2020

Preprint

0

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Catalysis is an essential function in living systems and provides a way to control complex reaction networks. In natural out-of-equilibrium chemical reaction networks (CRNs) driven by the consumption of chemical fuels, enzymes provide catalytic control over pathway kinetics, giving rise to complex functions. Catalytic regulation of man‑made fuel‑driven systems is far less common and mostly deals with enzyme catalysis instead of synthetic catalysts. Here, we show via simulations, illustrated by literature examples, how any catalyst can be incorporated in a non-equilibrium CRN and what their effect is on the behavior of the system. Alteration of the catalysts’ concentrations in batch and flow gives rise to responses in product yield, lifetime and steady states. In-situ up or downregulation of catalysts’ levels temporarily changes the product steady state, whereas feedback elements can give unusual concentration profiles as a function of time and self-regulation in a CRN. We show that simulations can be highly effective in predicting CRN behavior and mapping parameter space, for complex processes that can proceed counterintuitively. In the future, shifting the focus from enzyme catalysis towards small molecule and metal catalysis in out-of-equilibrium systems can provide us with new reaction networks and enhance their application potential in synthetic materials, overall advancing the design of man‑made responsive and interactive systems.

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“…8 Incorporation of feedback elements in synthetic materials can mimic cellular homeostasis and ultimately have a huge impact on biomedical designs, such as medical implants. 29,30,31 Functionalities like oscillations and bifurcations, often found in non-equilibrium systems, are in essence composed of simpler network motifs combined with positive and negative feedback loops. 7,32 A classic example of a bistable system and the basis of some oscillatory systems is an autocatalytic reaction in a CSTR.…”

Section: Feedback Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of Catalysis to Bias Reaction Pathways in out Of-Equilibrium Systems

Helm¹,

Beun²,

Eelkema³

2020

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Catalysis is an essential function in living systems and provides a way to control complex reaction networks. In natural out-of-equilibrium chemical reaction networks (CRNs) driven by the consumption of chemical fuels, enzymes provide catalytic control over pathway kinetics, giving rise to complex functions. Catalytic regulation of man‑made fuel‑driven systems is far less common and mostly deals with enzyme catalysis instead of synthetic catalysts. Here, we show via simulations, illustrated by literature examples, how any catalyst can be incorporated in a non-equilibrium CRN and what their effect is on the behavior of the system. Alteration of the catalysts’ concentrations in batch and flow gives rise to responses in product yield, lifetime and steady states. In-situ up or downregulation of catalysts’ levels temporarily changes the product steady state, whereas feedback elements can give unusual concentration profiles as a function of time and self-regulation in a CRN. We show that simulations can be highly effective in predicting CRN behavior and mapping parameter space, for complex processes that can proceed counterintuitively. In the future, shifting the focus from enzyme catalysis towards small molecule and metal catalysis in out-of-equilibrium systems can provide us with new reaction networks and enhance their application potential in synthetic materials, overall advancing the design of man‑made responsive and interactive systems.

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Viewpoint: Homeostasis as Inspiration—Toward Interactive Materials

Cited by 47 publications

References 69 publications

Autocatalysis: Kinetics, Mechanisms and Design

Autocatalysis: Kinetics, Mechanisms and Design

On the Use of Catalysis to Bias Reaction Pathways in out Of-Equilibrium Systems

On the Use of Catalysis to Bias Reaction Pathways in out Of-Equilibrium Systems

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