“…Search for debated topics is highly subjective: when users search the web to seek advice or form opinions on these kinds of topics, not just search result relevance but also the stance of content is influential [3,14,15,33,38]. To mitigate undesired effects such as biased opinion change, earlier work has measured and increased the fairness [18,50,53] and viewpoint diversity in search results [13,34,47].…”