Viewing Metaphor as Analogy

Gentner, Dedre; Falkenhainer, Brian; Skorstad, Janice

doi:10.1007/978-94-015-7811-0_8

Cited by 76 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The domain of space seems to have a privileged role as a structural "donor" to many other conceptual domains (Gentner, Bowdle, Wolff, & Boronat, 2001), but the available evidence only very rarely goes further than the mere test of psychological reality. With the exception of the number domain (see Fias & Fischer, 2005), the present study is one of the first efforts to assess the underlying mechanisms which support abstract conceptual processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking about the future moves attention to the right.

Ouellet¹,

Santiago²,

Funes³

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

112

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Previous studies have shown that past and future temporal concepts are spatially represented (past being located to the left and future to the right in a mental time line). This study aims at further investigating the nature of this space-time conceptual metaphor, by testing whether the temporal reference of words orient spatial attention or rather prime a congruent left/right response. A modified version of the spatial cuing paradigm was used in which a word's temporal reference must be kept in working memory whilst participants carry out a spatial localization (Experiment 1) or a direction discrimination, spatial Stroop task (Experiment 2). The results showed that the mere activation of the past or future concepts both oriented attention and primed motor responses to left or right space, respectively, and these effects were independent. Moreover, in spite of the fact that such time-reference cues were nonpredictive, the use of a short and a long stimulus onset asynchrony in Experiment 3 showed that these cues modulated spatial attention as typical central cues like arrows do, suggesting a common mechanism for these two types of cuing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking about the future moves attention to the right.

Ouellet¹,

Santiago²,

Funes³

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Using spatial words in both literal and metaphorical contexts (e.g., a high shelf, a high ideal) could cause structural elements of the concrete source domain to be transferred to abstract target domain representations in the mind of the language learner via analogical processes that are not necessarily "embodied" (see Boroditsky, 2000;Gentner, Bowdle, Wolff, & Boronat, 2001). One reason to consider this possibility is that associations between valence and vertical space have been shown to generalize beyond concepts that have obvious perceptuomotor correlates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodiment of abstract concepts: Good and bad in right- and left-handers.

Casasanto

2009

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

591

661

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Do people with different kinds of bodies think differently? According to the body-specificity hypothesis, people who interact with their physical environments in systematically different ways should form correspondingly different mental representations. In a test of this hypothesis, 5 experiments investigated links between handedness and the mental representation of abstract concepts with positive or negative valence (e.g., honesty, sadness, intelligence). Mappings from spatial location to emotional valence differed between rightand left-handed participants. Right-handers tended to associate rightward space with positive ideas and leftward space with negative ideas, but left-handers showed the opposite pattern, associating rightward space with negative ideas and leftward with positive ideas. These contrasting mental metaphors for valence cannot be attributed to linguistic experience, because idioms in English associate good with right but not with left. Rather, right-and left-handers implicitly associated positive valence more strongly with the side of space on which they could act more fluently with their dominant hands. These results support the body-specificity hypothesis and provide evidence for the perceptuomotor basis of even the most abstract ideas.

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“…Gentner and Medina 1997, Gentner and Namy 1999, Gentner and Wolff 2000, Gentner et al 2001, Markman and Gentner 2000, Bowdle and Gentner 2005 and others / Glucksberg 2001 and others), or likely corroborating the blending theory view of abundant so-called emergent features (e.g. Becker 1997, Gineste, Indurkhya andScart 2000); cf.…”

Section: … a Joke Or Cartoon Is Found To Be Funny As The Results Of A mentioning

confidence: 65%

On the Similarity and Distinguishability of Humour and Figurative Speech

Krikmann¹

2009

Trames

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Abstract. The article aims to discuss the relationships between (verbal) humour and figurative speech, primarily focusing on the current theoretical dispute between the representatives of the 'classical' linguistic theories of humour (particularly Salvatore Attardo) and the younger generation of cognitive linguists (Kurt Feyaerts, Gert Brône, Tony Veale), and some contemporary psycholinguistic achievements (particularly Rachel Giora). The main conclusions suggested by the present state of the research are: (1) The cognitive similarity between metaphor and verbal humour is easy to recognize, but it is difficult to devise clear-cut theoretical criteria to distinguish between the two. (2) Considering the conceptual structure (interpretation, 'construal') of a narrower area, the following rule of thumb seems to hold: of the two incompatible scripts (~ schemas ~ frames ~ isotopies) involved in both metaphor and punchlined joke in the case of metaphor the first (overt, redundant) script 'wins', but in the case of joke the second (hidden, informative) prevails. (3) As the same conceptual tools are applicable to explain the perception of both funniness and figurativeness, these perceptions are definitely not discrete or exclusive, but continuous and gradual. To come closer to an 'ecologically valid' means of distinguishing between them, the cognitive theory should perhaps pursue a closer integration with researchers of the cultural and social aspects of human communication.

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Viewing Metaphor as Analogy

Cited by 76 publications

References 2 publications

Thinking about the future moves attention to the right.

Thinking about the future moves attention to the right.

Embodiment of abstract concepts: Good and bad in right- and left-handers.

On the Similarity and Distinguishability of Humour and Figurative Speech

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