Vienna–Chicago: The cultural transformation of the model system of the un‐opposed molar

Diekwisch, Thomas G.H.

doi:10.1002/bies.20608

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Continued bone apposition and super-eruption in tandem with inhibited distal alveolar resorption and drift in OPN−/− mice also suggests that distal alveolar resorption is a necessary first step and a requirement for mesial alveolar bone apposition and drift of teeth. In the context of the continuous distal “drift” in rodents [32], we argue that distal bone resorption causes “unloading” of the mesial alveolar walls, which in turn results in new bone formation at mesial alveolar walls (Fig. 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molar drifting was measured as the difference of distances from the anterior most point of the molars to the condyles on the right and left sides (Fig 1A.b). Measurements based on these landmarks were highly reproducible [30–32]. The magnitude of drift was graphed using the formula [(L – R) + 1], where L and R are the distances from anterior most point of the first molar to the condyle on the left and right sides respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 12 hrs of culture, cells were lysed and proteins extracted as described [32]. Proteins were then subjected to sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Osteopontin is required for unloading-induced osteoclast recruitment and modulation of RANKL expression during tooth drift-associated bone remodeling, but not for super-eruption

Walker¹,

Dangaria²,

Ito³

et al. 2010

Bone

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Unloading of teeth results in extensive alveolar bone remodeling, causing teeth to move in both vertical (“super-eruption”) and horizontal direction (“drift”). In order to decipher the molecular mechanisms of unloading-induced bone remodeling during tooth movement, we focused on the role of osteopontin (OPN) in the un-opposed molar model, comparing wild-type (WT) and OPN-null mice. Our data indicated that OPN was not required for the continuous eruption of un-opposed teeth while OPN was necessary for the drift of teeth. OPN expression and osteoclast counts were greatly increased on alveolar bone surfaces facing the direction of the drift in WT mice, while osteoclast counts were diminished in OPN−/− mice. RANKL expression in the distal periodontal ligament of WT molars increased significantly by day 6 following unloading, while overall levels of RANKL expression were decreased in both WT and OPN-null mice. In vitro treatment of MC3T3 cells, WT BMCs and OPN−/− BMCs with recombinant OPN resulted in significantly increased RANKL expression in all three cell types. The PI3K and MEK/ERK pathway inhibitors Ly294002 and U0126 reduced RANKL expression levels in vitro. Treatment of BMCs and MC3T3 with OPN also resulted in increased ERK phosphorylation and reduced OPG levels. Together, our studies suggest that increased OPN expression during unloading-induced drifting of teeth enhances localized RANKL expression and osteoclast activity on drift-direction alveolar bone surfaces via extracellular matrix signaling pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Osteopontin is required for unloading-induced osteoclast recruitment and modulation of RANKL expression during tooth drift-associated bone remodeling, but not for super-eruption

Walker¹,

Dangaria²,

Ito³

et al. 2010

Bone

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“…As shown in the previous paragraph, such changes may have been the result of changes in gene expression or caused by varying degrees of HERS invasion into the mineralized attachment apparatus. Such a functional modification of a periodontal attachment tissue would be just one example for a functional reorganization of an ancestral phenotype in tandem with genetic accommodation (Luan and Diekwisch 2007). Evidence for the likelihood of such a scenario is provided by the presence of intermediates such as the semimineralized crocodilian attachment, in the ankylosis of the periodontium following removal of HERS, and in the change of the mineralized state of the periodontium following changes in ank1 and AMBN gene expression.…”

Section: Evolution Of the Vertebrate Attachment Apparatus Through Funmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mosasaur tooth attachment apparatus as paradigm for the evolution of the gnathostome periodontium

Walker

Dangaria

Ito

et al. 2009

Evolution and Development

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134

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Vertebrate teeth are attached to jaws by a variety of mechanisms, including acrodont, pleurodont, and thecodont modes of attachment. Recent studies have suggested that various modes of attachment exist within each sub-category. Especially squamates feature a broad diversity of modes of attachment. Here we have investigated tooth attachment tissues in the late cretaceous mosasaur Clidastes and compared mosasaur tooth attachment with modes of attachment found in other extant reptiles. Using histologic analysis of ultrathin ground sections, four distinct mineralized tissues that anchor mosasaur teeth to the jaw were identified: (i) an acellular cementum layer at the interface between root and cellular cementum, (ii) a massive cone consisting of trabecular cellular cementum, (iii) the mineralized periodontal ligament containing mineralized Sharpey's fibers, and (iv) the interdental ridges connecting adjacent teeth. The complex, multilayered attachment apparatus in mosasaurs was compared with attachment tissues in extant reptiles, including Iguana and Caiman. Based on our comparative analysis we postulate the presence of a quadruple-layer tissue architecture underlying reptilian tooth attachment, comprised of acellular cementum, cellular cementum, mineralized periodontal ligament, and interdental ridge (alveolar bone). We propose that the mineralization status of the periodontal ligament is a dynamic feature in vertebrate evolution subject to functional adaptation.

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“…The University of Illinois at Chicago was home to a number of large-scale sections through human jaws that were presumably brought to Chicago by the famed oral histopathologist Joseph-Peter Weinmann from the University of Vienna [28,29]. The micrographs presented in this article were generated from these sections.…”

Section: Human Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daughters of the Enamel Organ: Development, Fate, and Function of the Stratum Intermedium, Stellate Reticulum, and Outer Enamel Epithelium

Liu

Yan

Pandya

et al. 2016

Stem Cells and Development

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The tooth enamel organ (EO) is a complex epithelial cell assembly involved in multiple aspects of tooth development, including amelogenesis. The present study focuses on the role of the nonameloblast layers of the EO, the stratum intermedium, the stellate reticulum, and the outer enamel epithelium (OEE). The secretory stage stratum intermedium was distinguished by p63-positive epithelial stem cell marks, highly specific alkaline phosphatase labeling, as well as multiple desmosomes and gap junctions. At the location of the presecretory stage stellate reticulum, the pre-eruption EO prominently featured the papillary layer (PL) as a keratin immunopositive network of epithelial strands between tooth crowns and oral epithelium. PL cell strands contained numerous p63-positive epithelial stem cells, while BrdU proliferative cells were detected at the outer boundaries of the PL, suggesting that the stellate reticulum/PL epithelial cell sheath proliferated to facilitate an epithelial seal during tooth eruption. Comparative histology studies demonstrated continuity between the OEE and the general lamina of continuous tooth replacement in reptiles, and the outer layer of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in humans, implicating the OEE as the formative layer for continuous tooth replacement and tooth root extension. Cell fate studies in organ culture verified that the cervical portion of the mouse molar EO gave rise to Malassez rest-like cell islands. Together, these studies indicate that the nonameloblast layers of the EO play multiple roles during odontogenesis, including the maintenance of several p63-positive stem cell reservoirs, a role during tooth root morphogenesis and tooth succession, a stabilizing function for the ameloblast layer, the facilitation of ion transport from the EO capillaries to the enamel layer, as well as safe and seamless tooth eruption.

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Vienna–Chicago: The cultural transformation of the model system of the un‐opposed molar

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Osteopontin is required for unloading-induced osteoclast recruitment and modulation of RANKL expression during tooth drift-associated bone remodeling, but not for super-eruption

Osteopontin is required for unloading-induced osteoclast recruitment and modulation of RANKL expression during tooth drift-associated bone remodeling, but not for super-eruption

The mosasaur tooth attachment apparatus as paradigm for the evolution of the gnathostome periodontium

Daughters of the Enamel Organ: Development, Fate, and Function of the Stratum Intermedium, Stellate Reticulum, and Outer Enamel Epithelium

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