Videogrammetry Dynamics Measurements of a Lightweight Flexible Wing in a Wind Tunnel

Pitcher, Nathan A.; Afb, Wright-Patterson; Black, Jonathan; Reeder, Mark F.; Maple, Raymond C.

doi:10.2514/1.44545

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Photogrammetry and videogrammetry using dot projection has been used on solar sails by NASA (Pappa et al, 2003). Stereophotogrammetry permits to measure deformations of a flexible wing in a wind tunnel (Black et al, 2010). But only small displacements and wrinkles are measured.…”

Section: Crossmarkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An algorithm of photogrammetry from the software PhotoModeler developed by Eos Systems (2015) is used. The software Photomodeler is used in many research fields including space and aeronautics (Pappa et al, 2003;Black et al, 2010) as well as sailing aerodynamics with wind tunnel experiments (Renzsch and Graf, 2013). From each image the position of a target is known in a 2D space.…”

Section: Flying Shape Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Full-scale flying shape measurement of offwind yacht sails with photogrammetry

et al. 2016

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Yacht downwind sails are complex to study due to their non-developable shape with high camber and massively detached flow around thin and flexible membranes. Numerical simulations can now simulate this strong Fluid-Structure Interaction, but need experimental validation. It remains complex to measure spinnaker flying shapes partly because of their inherent instability, like luff flapping. This work presents full-scale experimental investigation of spinnaker shapes with simultaneous measurement of aerodynamic loads on the three sail corners, with navigation and wind data. The experimental setup and photogrammetric method are presented. Results are analysed in the whole range of apparent wind angle for this sail. The spinnaker shape shows dramatic variations and high discrepancies with the design shape. The photogrammetric measurement produces the full 3D flying shape with a satisfactory accuracy. Even if only steady state results are given here, this new system enables time-resolved measurement of flying shapes and thus flapping of spinnakers to be investigated, which is valuable for yacht performance optimisation. On top of sailing yacht applications, the method is useful in any application where a non-developable 3D shape is to be determined, and particularly when it results from the Fluid Structure Interaction of a flexible structure with a complex flow.

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Section: Crossmarkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flying Shape Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-scale flying shape measurement of offwind yacht sails with photogrammetry

et al. 2016

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“…There are many articles about aerodynamic deformation measurement for wing models and MAVs using a wind tunnel [8] [9]. However, the measurement Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization of the meter-scale, entire shape, actual UAV is very few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Tunnel Test for Videogrammetric Deformation Measurement of UAV for Mars Airplane Balloon Experiment-1 (MABE-1)

Fujita¹,

Oyama²,

Kubo³

et al. 2019

JFCMV

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This paper reports the results of the aerodynamic deformation measurements of the meter-scale, entire shape, actual UAV in the wind tunnel using a video grammetry technique. The measured airplane was the airplane for Mars exploration being developed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and Japanese universities. Its main wing span length was 2.4 m. The video grammetry measurement was performed using VICON's system. Retroactive markers and stickers were put on the airplane. JAXA's 6.5 m × 5.5 m Low-Speed Wind Tunnel was used. The airplane was mounted on the strut support with pitch-free or pitch-locked conditions. The deformations of the main wing bending, the main wing twisting, the tail boom bending, and the elevator deflection angle change were revealed quantitatively. The bending stiffness of a main wing spar that was designed as a safety factor of 2.8 at load factor of 5 was sufficient. The main wing spar was located around a center of pressure of an airfoil and it showed enough stiffness for twisting at nominal condition. The effects of the main wing bending and twisting, and the tail boom bending on the aerodynamic performance were estimated but they were in an acceptable range from the standpoint of the controllability of the aerodynamic performance using control surfaces. Even though the servo motor was located near the elevator and the linkage between the servo motor and the elevator was short, the measured elevator deflection angle was at most 4% smaller than the angle at no-wind condition. The obtained results and presented method are useful for control, flight data analysis, and design of lightweight airplanes.

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“…They are generally applied to movement and deformation inspection during a certain time period. Online systems are reported in industrial applications such as foil material deformation investigation [ 3 ], concrete probe crack detection and analysis [ 4 ], aircraft wing and rotor blade deformation measurement [ 5 ], wind turbine blade rotation measurement and dynamic strain analyses [ 6 , 7 ], concrete beams deflection measurement [ 8 ], bridge deformation measurement [ 9 ], vibration and acceleration measurement [ 10 , 11 ], membrane roof structure deformation analysis [ 12 ], building structure vibration and collapse measurement [ 13 , 14 ], and steel beam deformation measurement [ 15 ]. This noncontact and accurate technique is still finding more potential applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous All-Parameters Calibration and Assessment of a Stereo Camera Pair Using a Scale Bar

Sun

Lü

Dong

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Highly accurate and easy-to-operate calibration (to determine the interior and distortion parameters) and orientation (to determine the exterior parameters) methods for cameras in large volume is a very important topic for expanding the application scope of 3D vision and photogrammetry techniques. This paper proposes a method for simultaneously calibrating, orienting and assessing multi-camera 3D measurement systems in large measurement volume scenarios. The primary idea is building 3D point and length arrays by moving a scale bar in the measurement volume and then conducting a self-calibrating bundle adjustment that involves all the image points and lengths of both cameras. Relative exterior parameters between the camera pair are estimated by the five point relative orientation method. The interior, distortion parameters of each camera and the relative exterior parameters are optimized through bundle adjustment of the network geometry that is strengthened through applying the distance constraints. This method provides both internal precision and external accuracy assessment of the calibration performance. Simulations and real data experiments are designed and conducted to validate the effectivity of the method and analyze its performance under different network geometries. The RMSE of length measurement is less than 0.25 mm and the relative precision is higher than 1/25,000 for a two camera system calibrated by the proposed method in a volume of 12 m × 8 m × 4 m. Compared with the state-of-the-art point array self-calibrating bundle adjustment method, the proposed method is easier to operate and can significantly reduce systematic errors caused by wrong scaling.

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Videogrammetry Dynamics Measurements of a Lightweight Flexible Wing in a Wind Tunnel

Abstract: Videogrammetry is a measurement technique well

Cited by 27 publications

References 22 publications

Full-scale flying shape measurement of offwind yacht sails with photogrammetry

Full-scale flying shape measurement of offwind yacht sails with photogrammetry

Wind Tunnel Test for Videogrammetric Deformation Measurement of UAV for Mars Airplane Balloon Experiment-1 (MABE-1)

Simultaneous All-Parameters Calibration and Assessment of a Stereo Camera Pair Using a Scale Bar

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