Video Watermarking by Using Geometric Warping Without Visible Artifacts

Enhanced Nested Video Watermarking Using Wavelets and Geometric Warping

“…Another field where scientists focus is on embedding into a compressed domain which can be done during or after the encoding process ( [27], [28]). Alternatively, techniques to work on raw format have also received attention.…”

“…This results in problems because compression algorithms, which also try to remove irrelevant information, might remove watermark accidentally. In [27], this problem was solved by embedding watermark in the relevant information of videos in an imperceptible manner. This approach is based on geometric warping of blocks.…”

“…This approach though very efficient produced visible artifacts and video quality after extraction was low. Method to prevent these artifacts and improve the video quality was proposed by [27]. They used geometric warping method to embed watermarks, which did not require the original video during watermark extraction.…”

“…It would be better if the watermark is embedded in the relevant data so that it is not removed by compression algorithm. A method based on geometric warping was suggested by [27]. This method was efficient in terms robustness to lossy compression and improved the quality by using a block linking approach.…”

“…The second share is then embedded into first share, thus creating a new watermark image. This image is then embedded into an uncompressed video signal using geometric warping method as suggested by [27].…”