Video imaging of debris clouds following penetration of lightweight spacecraft materials

Williamsen, Joel E.; Howard, Eric W.

doi:10.1016/s0734-743x(01)00138-5

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[1,2] Cost-wise, it is preferable to select particulates for reinforcement and the liquid stirring technique to produce cast particulate metal-matrix composites, PMMC. [1±3] However, PMMC production is limited to near-net-shape products due to poor ductility and fracture behavior.…”

Section: Received: July 30 2003mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suitable shields have to perform several functions, from the fragmentation of the projectiles to the stopping of the resulting debris cloud, while at the same time playing a role in the structural support as well as in the thermal management of the entire structure. [2] The use of lightweight cellular materials represents a novel way to increase the ballistic efficiency of meteoroid and orbital debris (M/OD) shields. In fact, the large number of cell walls that a projectile impacting a cellular material will find along its path provides a good way of inducing a high number of consecutive shocks on the impactor, thus effectively absorbing its energy and reducing the penetration depth of the debris inside the structure.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Hypervelocity Impact on Microcellular Ceramic Foams from a Preceramic Polymer

Colombo¹,

Arcaro²,

Francesconi³

et al. 2003

Adv Eng Mater

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Orbiting spacecrafts and satellites are exposed to hypervelocity impacts against orbiting objects of various nature (natural, such as meteorites, or deriving from human artifacts, such as molten sodium and potassium metal alloys, aluminum and alumina particles or plastics), traveling at speed of up to 15 km s ±1 . [1] Hence, special protecting measures have to be implemented to reduce the risk of damages to satellites and spacecraft components. Suitable shields have to perform several functions, from the fragmentation of the projectiles to the stopping of the resulting debris cloud, while at the same time playing a role in the structural support as well as in the thermal management of the entire structure. [2] The use of lightweight cellular materials represents a novel way to increase the ballistic efficiency of meteoroid and orbital debris (M/OD) shields. In fact, the large number of cell walls that a projectile impacting a cellular material will find along its path provides a good way of inducing a high number of consecutive shocks on the impactor, thus effectively absorbing its energy and reducing the penetration depth of the debris inside the structure. Ceramic foams represent a good candidate for meteoroid and debris protection shields (MDPS) since they offer a unique combination of properties such as low density, high stiffness, high relative strength, high melting point, and very good shock absorption capability. Moreover, these properties can be tailored to specific space applications through a careful design of the material's microstructure and morphology.In analogy to microcellular plastics, [3] a microcellular ceramic foam is defined as a material in which the cell size is below about 30 lm, and the cell density is greater than 10 9 cells cm ±3 . Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) microcellular foams possess a compressive strength higher than that of macrocellular foams of similar density, [4] and thus are well suited candidates for impact resistance applications.Several efforts have been recently made to enhance the effectiveness of sandwich panels in case of hypervelocity impacts, but they seem to be still vulnerable with respect to high energy impacts. [5] The recent interest of the European Space Agency (ESA) towards cellular materials for multifunctional space applications will certainly encourage further research activities in this field. Microcellular foams were produced using a silicone resin (SR) preceramic polymer (Oxycarbide A, Starfire Systems, Watervliet, NY) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microbeads, with an average dimension of 9.45 ± 1.82 lm, as a sacrificial pore-forming agent (A 910W, Cray Valley Waterborne Polymers Department, Atofina Italia, Milan, Italy). They were dry mixed in a ball mill in a weight ratio PMMA/ SR = 80/20. Samples with dimension of 80 65 20 mm were uniaxially pressed at room temperature, applying a pressure of 100 MPa. The PMMA microbeads were eliminated by slowly heating the samples in air up to 250±350 C and holding them at temperature for one hour. Subsequently,...

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Section: Received: July 30 2003mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Hypervelocity Impact on Microcellular Ceramic Foams from a Preceramic Polymer

Colombo¹,

Arcaro²,

Francesconi³

et al. 2003

Adv Eng Mater

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“…The use of aluminum foam as a core for a sandwich panel with aluminum facesheets guarantees good specific strength and stiffness performances. At hypervelocity impact conditions an improved capability of aluminum foam compared to monolithic targets to radially disperse the particulates within the debris cloud was observed [2]. Furthermore, bumpers containing aluminum foam showed outstanding capabilities to induce multiple shocks to small projectiles in the hypervelocity regime [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Protective Performance of Hybrid Metal Foams as MMOD Shields

Klavzar

Chiroli

Jung

et al. 2015

Procedia Engineering

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Open cell aluminum foam core sandwich panel structures have been proven to be of interest for protecting satellites against micrometeoroids and orbital debris (MMOD). Bumpers containing aluminum foam show outstanding capabilities to induce multiple shocks to small projectiles in the hypervelocity regime. For this work the protective performance of foam cored sandwich panels with cores made from newly developed hybrid metal foams was evaluated. Therefore shots in the hypervelocity regime on the two-stage light gas gun of the French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis were performed. The tested targets were sandwich panels with aluminum front and rear facesheets and cores of different types of metallic foams: foams with pore densities of 10 pores per inch and 45 pores per inch were tested as pure aluminum and hybrid metallic foams. The projectiles to simulate micrometeoroids and orbital debris were aluminum spheres with a diameter of 4mm. The impact velocity was 6500m/s. It could be shown experimentally that the nickel coating of the aluminum foams leads to a decreased crater depth in the sandwich panels. However, scatter in the coating thickness leads to variations in the foam densities of the hybrid foams, making the evaluation of the increase in the protective performance difficult. Nevertheless, due to the nickel coating the influence of the pore density seems to be more significant than reported before. By reducing the coating thickness and using high performance aluminum alloys as base material for the hybrid foams, further optimization of the protective performance could be reached. Then, the complete evaluation of the ballistic limit over a broad velocity regime should be done to see the variations in the performance of the hybrid foams over the whole velocity range being of interest for MMOD shielding technologies

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“…As regards debris cloud description, a quite significant amount of experimental as well as numerical results is available in the technical literature with reference to simple plate targets, for which fragments properties are reported for different impact conditions [24,10,9,17,4,23,1,14,2,7,25,6,8]. However, the vast majority of these references considers only aluminum-alloy plates, and debris cloud information is given in a rather heterogeneous way which makes difficult to extrapolate a single synthesis model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An engineering model to describe fragments clouds propagating inside spacecraft in consequence of space debris impact on sandwich panel structures

et al. 2015

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Video imaging of debris clouds following penetration of lightweight spacecraft materials

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of Hypervelocity Impact on Microcellular Ceramic Foams from a Preceramic Polymer

Effect of Hypervelocity Impact on Microcellular Ceramic Foams from a Preceramic Polymer

Protective Performance of Hybrid Metal Foams as MMOD Shields

An engineering model to describe fragments clouds propagating inside spacecraft in consequence of space debris impact on sandwich panel structures

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