Video Games in the Treatment of Amblyopia: A Narrative Review

Azizalrahman, Lojain

doi:10.52609/jmlph.v2i2.49

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Rapid advancements in technology have generated considerable interest in the use of dichoptic binocular movies and games as a potential treatment for amblyopia 37,46,75 . Poor adherence is a known risk in home‐based studies, 76 and compliance with many earlier binocular treatments was a concern, due to a lack of interest in the dichoptic games, 77–79 with one investigation demonstrating that children had significantly lower gain in VA if their compliance was <50% 80 . However, more recent randomised trials have reported better compliance, and also found a significant improvement in VA in the binocular training group compared with patching cohorts 47,78,81 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amblyopia—A novel virtual round table to explore the caregiver perspective

Nowik

Perna

Dahlmann‐Noor

et al. 2023

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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PurposeA survey aimed to capture the caregiver's perspective on the impact of amblyopia and its treatment on the child and family, as well as caregivers' views on the design and feasibility of clinical trials investigating dichoptic binocular therapies for amblyopia.MethodsParents of amblyopic children, patient advocates and healthcare professionals took part in a moderated, structured discussion on a novel virtual advisory‐board platform.ResultsSeven parents of children with amblyopia, two patient organisation representatives, one ophthalmologist and one optometrist participated in the survey. A total of 645 posts were entered on the platform over a 14‐day period in September 2021. There was widespread agreement that the management of amblyopia poses more of a burden on the child and family than the condition itself, with treatment burden accentuated when treatment is unsuccessful. Parents expressed uncertainty and frustration in relation to the duration of patching, success of patching and alternative treatment options, and felt there was inadequate readily available, easy‐to‐understand information on the condition. Parents reported that a new treatment for amblyopia, such as dichoptic binocular therapy using video games, should be safe, non‐invasive and engaging compared with an eye patch. Treating at home, potentially for a shorter treatment duration, and with an entertaining game were the main reasons parents would join a clinical study with this type of novel therapy. However, due to a limited critical period treatment window, parents would feel more comfortable joining a clinical trial if traditional therapies were offered in conjunction with those under investigation.ConclusionPatient perspectives and the role of caregivers in the acceptance of any interventional treatments are increasingly recognised. Understanding how amblyopia and its treatment impacts a child and family should be an important premise to guide therapy and evaluate treatment value, both in clinical trials and in routine medical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amblyopia—A novel virtual round table to explore the caregiver perspective

Nowik

Perna

Dahlmann‐Noor

et al. 2023

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thus, although both groups initially experienced similar improvements in amblyopic-eye BCVA, dichoptic movie therapy ultimately proved more effective as it showed additional BCVA improvements up to six weeks [ 22 ]. Additionally, recent studies have shown that amblyopic children experience similarly significant improvements in VA from both dichoptic video games and movies, with another study finding that after playing a binocular iPad game, children under seven years old experienced better and longer lasting improvement in VA when compared to children 7-13 years of age [ 26 ]. However, contrary to the previous studies [ 22 , 26 ], a Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (PEDIG) trial of 385 amblyopic children found that when exposed to either one hour/day of dichoptic iPad games or two hours/day of patching therapy, the patching group achieved 0.31 more lines of mean amblyopic-eye VA improvement [ 18 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Amblyopia Treatments in Children Up to Seven Years Old: A Systematic Review

Yeritsyan,

Surve,

Ayinde

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of the visual system that impairs the vision of millions of children worldwide. Amblyopia is best treated within the sensitive period of visual development when a child is up to seven years of age. Currently, the gold standard for early treatment of childhood amblyopia is patching, with new treatments emerging in recent years. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of these newly developed treatments for amblyopia in children aged seven years and younger while comparing them to the current industry standard of patching. We searched online databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and narrative reviews relating to amblyopia treatment in children aged seven and younger. We only included articles and studies completed within the last five years and those written in the English language. After compiling a list of 297 articles, we removed duplicates, articles without an available full text, and those not relevant to our topic. Of the remaining 51 articles, we were left with 22 after reading abstracts and removing further irrelevant articles. We did a quality assessment on the remaining 22 articles and were left with 14 articles for our systematic review after removing eight low-quality articles. Of the 14 articles, we had eight RCTs, two systematic reviews, one comparative interventional study, and three narrative reviews. Seven of the articles contained data reinforcing the effectiveness of patching while comparing it to other treatment modalities. Three of the articles had data supporting spectacle correction, including a novel form called alternative flicker glass which delivers occlusion therapy via a spectacle frame with unique lenses, and ultimately deemed it at least as effective or more than patching. Data from three articles supported the use of surgery to successfully correct the angle of strabismus. Findings from five articles backed the use of pharmacologic therapy, specifically atropine when used alongside patching as a more effective alternative to patching solely. However, levodopa plus patching had no advantage over patching alone. Additionally, seven articles addressed the use of virtual reality (VR) and dichoptic therapy as prospective treatments for childhood amblyopia. VR therapy proved beneficial when used within one week after strabismus surgery. Dichoptic training was also effective in improving amblyopic-eye visual acuity when used on its own or in conjunction with spectacles. Furthermore, dichoptic movie therapy was found to be more effective than patching. Thus, we found multiple highly effective treatments for childhood amblyopia that are as effective or more than patching. Future studies should consider prescribing these treatments to larger cohorts while also performing a cost-benefit analysis for each treatment. In addition, more needs to be learned about the potential adverse side effects of these treatments, especially for pharmaceutical thera...

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Video Games in the Treatment of Amblyopia: A Narrative Review

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Amblyopia—A novel virtual round table to explore the caregiver perspective

Amblyopia—A novel virtual round table to explore the caregiver perspective

Efficacy of Amblyopia Treatments in Children Up to Seven Years Old: A Systematic Review

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