Video Game and Fuzzy Logic to Improve Amblyopia and Convergence Insufficiency

Abstract

Intuitive learning of visual tasks appears to be an assuring exercise for Amblyopia and Convergence Insufficiency (CI) improvement. Amblyopia is a developmental dysfunction of vision identified by poor monocular visual acuity whereas CI is a common binocular/two-eyed vision disorder in which the eyes do not operate near efficiently. This study proposed the development of virtual reality (VR) video game platform, guided through Fuzzy Logic, targeting casualties with amblyopia and CI condition. The game enables precise control over stimulus parameters, and trains contrast sensitivity with the benefits of motivation and reward that maintain practice over long periods. The dichoptic visual training facilitated through the VR headset and game engine with eye tracking and stimulus data collection capability. This non-invasive eye-training exercise program aims to train the patients to overcome the common conditions such as lazy eye and exophoria at near. Our vision lab made of 2D and 3D game environments facilitated exercises, which are recommended by opticians 1 , through three stimulating video game scenarios. The preliminary results of this study have shown that this program has the potential to be adopted for vision therapy. As such in the future study, a randomized clinical trial with participants 9 to 18 years of age will randomly be assigned to receive 12 weeks of vision lab versus home-based pencil push-ups and vision patching exercise for statistical analysis and validation.

Design and assessment of amblyopia, strabismus, and myopia treatment and vision training using virtual reality

“…HTC Vive was used by Hurd et al, 53 Martín et al, 68 Mehringer et al, 78 Lin & Chou 57 and Panfili et al, 65 while HTC Vive Pro Eye was used by Yeh et al 77 Although the HTC Vive series headsets were wire-connected, they provided high-resolution images while eye tracking functions were found with the Pro Eye model. FOVE was used by Esfahlani et al, 52 Miao et al, 76 and Chung et al 90 It provided eye tracking functions with a wireless google. Meanwhile, development of smartphone applications with VR viewers were common approaches, and were also used in 16 research studies (16/48, 33.33%).…”

“…With a fully immersive VR system, game-based design was used in most studies while shooting games were commonly programed in the VR game design (20/48, 41.67%). Žiak et al, 16 Elias et al, 13 Esfahlani et al, 52 Hurd et al, 53 Kim and Oh, 62 Godinez et al, 48 Halička et al, 55 Khaleghi et al, 59 and Rajavi et al 50 developed VR shooting games with different scenarios for amblyopia, strabismus, and myopia studies. Other non-shooting games for amblyopia included photo hunt games, 51 escape room games, 63 response games, 71 , 72 and matching games.…”