Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Thymectomy for the Treatment of My asthenia Gravis

Hybrid endoscopic thymectomy: combined transesophageal and transthoracic approach in a survival porcine model with cadaver assessment

“…Although some of the reports have suggested the need to perform a bilateral VATS, most perform from the right chest [22]. Approach from the left chest can also be used, but the arch of aorta and the brachiocephalic vein might difficult thoracoscopic access [23].…”