Video Analysis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears in Professional American Football Athletes: Response

Brophy, Robert H.; Johnston, Jeffrey T.; Schub, David; Rodeo, Scott A.; Matava, Matthew J.; Silvers, Holly J.; Cole, Brian J.; ElAttrache, Neal S.; McAdams, Timothy R.; Mandelbaum, Bert R.

doi:10.1177/0363546518806856

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Indirect contact mechanisms also stem from contact with other athletes or an object. The force is not applied directly to the injured area, but contributes to the causal chain leading to the health problem 23–26…”

Section: Defining and Classifying Health Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS))

et al. 2020

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Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to enable data across studies to be compared, research groups have published 11 sport-specific or setting-specific consensus statements on sports injury (and, eventually, illness) epidemiology to date. Our objective was to further strengthen consistency in data collection, injury definitions and research reporting through an updated set of recommendations for sports injury and illness studies, including a new Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist extension. The IOC invited a working group of international experts to review relevant literature and provide recommendations. The procedure included an open online survey, several stages of text drafting and consultation by working groups and a 3-day consensus meeting in October 2019. This statement includes recommendations for data collection and research reporting covering key components: defining and classifying health problems; severity of health problems; capturing and reporting athlete exposure; expressing risk; burden of health problems; study population characteristics and data collection methods. Based on these, we also developed a new reporting guideline as a STROBE Extension-the STROBE Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS). The IOC encourages ongoing in-and out-ofcompetition surveillance programmes and studies to describe injury and illness trends and patterns, understand their causes and develop measures to protect the health of the athlete. Implementation of the methods outlined in this statement will advance consistency in data collection and research reporting.

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Section: Defining and Classifying Health Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS))

et al. 2020

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“…The force is not applied directly to the injured area but contributes to the causal chain, leading to the health problem. 13,20,57,82 Noncontact mechanisms are those that lead to health problems without any direct or indirect contact from another external source. Gradual-onset injuries, by their nature, are noncontact.…”

Section: Defining and Classifying Health Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Olympic Committee Consensus Statement: Methods for Recording and Reporting of Epidemiological Data on Injury and Illness in Sports 2020 (Including the STROBE Extension for Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS))

Bahr¹,

Clarsen²,

Derman³

et al. 2020

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

133

139

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International Olympic Committee Injury and Illness Epidemiology Consensus Group* † Background: Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to enable data across studies to be compared, research groups have published 11 sport-or setting-specific consensus statements on sports injury (and, eventually, illnesses) epidemiology to date.Objective: To further strengthen consistency in data collection, injury definitions, and research reporting through an updated set of recommendations for sports injury and illness studies, including a new Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist extension. Study Design: Consensus statement of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Methods: The IOC invited a working group of international experts to review relevant literature and provide recommendations. The procedure included an open online survey, several stages of text drafting and consultation by working groups, and a 3-day consensus meeting in October 2019.Results: This statement includes recommendations for data collection and research reporting covering key components: defining and classifying health problems, severity of health problems, capturing and reporting athlete exposure, expressing risk, burden of health problems, study population characteristics, and data collection methods. Based on these, we also developed a new reporting guideline as a STROBE extension-the STROBE Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS). Conclusion:The IOC encourages ongoing in-and out-of-competition surveillance programs and studies to describe injury and illness trends and patterns, understand their causes, and develop measures to protect the health of the athlete. The implementation of the methods outlined in this statement will advance consistency in data collection and research reporting.

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“…Virtually all indirect contact injuries were associated with contact to the upper body leading to stretching or reaching type injuries. Upper body perturbation has been associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL),19 21 23 31 medial collateral ligament (MCL)18 and Achilles tendon rupture (ATR)20 injuries and likely results in loss of neuromuscular control, leading to altered kinematics, and more extreme joint position, leading to overstretching of the muscle group. Maintaining neuromuscular control in response to upper body mechanical perturbation appears to be an important factor potentially in preventing numerous lower limb injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury mechanisms and situational patterns of severe lower limb muscle injuries in male professional football (soccer) players: a systematic video analysis study on 103 cases

Della Villa,

Massa,

Bortolami

et al. 2023

Br J Sports Med

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ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to describe the mechanism of injury and situational patterns (based on ball possession and playing action leading to injury) of severe (lay-off time >28 days) lower limb muscle injuries in professional male football (soccer) players during match play.MethodsPlayers experiencing a severe muscle injury of the lower limb during Italian first (Serie A) division male football matches over three consecutive seasons (2018–2021) were identified. Video footage was obtained and three raters independently categorised injury mechanism and situational patterns using a standardised checklist. Injury epidemiology (month), timing of injuries within the match and location of injuries on the pitch were also examined.ResultsWe identified 121 lower limb severe muscle injuries. Videos of sufficient quality were available for 103 (85%) cases, including 61 (60%) hamstring, 17 (16%) calf, 16 (15%) adductor and 9 (9%) quadricep muscle injuries. Nearly two-thirds of injuries involved the dominant/kicking leg (n=65, 63%). Eighty-five (83%) injuries were non-contact and 18 (17%) indirect contact. Four main situational patterns were identified and accounted for 88% of injuries: (1) running/acceleration (n=35, 34%); (2) closed kinetic chain stretching (n=21, 20%); (3) open kinetic chain stretching (n=19, 18%) and (4) kicking (n=16, 16%), with differences between muscle groups. 71% of injuries occurred in the first half of the match (p<0.01), with a gradual increase through the first half.ConclusionMost severe muscle injuries during football matches were non-contact and occurred in the first half during running/acceleration, open and closed kinetic chain stretching, or kicking.

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Video Analysis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears in Professional American Football Athletes: Response

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS))

International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS))

International Olympic Committee Consensus Statement: Methods for Recording and Reporting of Epidemiological Data on Injury and Illness in Sports 2020 (Including the STROBE Extension for Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS))

Injury mechanisms and situational patterns of severe lower limb muscle injuries in male professional football (soccer) players: a systematic video analysis study on 103 cases

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