Victoria Stroop Test: Normative Data in a Sample Group of Older People and the Study of Their Clinical Applications in the Assessment of Inhibition in Alzheimer's Disease

Bayard, Sophie; Erkes, Jérôme; Moroni, Christine

doi:10.1093/arclin/acr053

Cited by 93 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…When comparing our results to another study that generated normative data from healthy individuals of similar age, the magnitude of SE was similar (part C:D 2.6, range 1.24-6.73) [21]. Likewise, our finding of RSE of 20% is in line with previous studies (11-27%) [18,19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Feasibility of Smartphone-Based Testing of Interference in Parkinson’s Disease

2018

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Background: Interference refers to learned associations and established behaviors “interfering” with response to new material. It forms a core pillar of executive functions, which are commonly affected in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Cognitive interference test (CIT) forms part of a smartphone application designed for ambulatory assessment in PD. Objective: The aims of this study were to establish that CIT could effectively demonstrate interference and would perform comparably to the Stroop Color-Word Test Victoria version (VST) despite PD-related motor impairment. Methods: Ninety-nine patients with PD were recruited. Initial evaluation included CIT, VST, Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA), and Movement Disorders Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS-III). A group of patients underwent repeat assessment within 2 weeks. Thirty-four healthy controls were recruited for comparison. Results: Patients’ mean age was 66.2 years, disease duration was 8.7 years, on-state MDS-UPDRS-III was 22, and MOCA total score was 27. CIT effectively generated interference, whereby the total time taken to complete the incongruent task was 20% longer compared to that of the baseline task. CIT key test items demonstrated convergent validity to VST (r = 0.478–0.644, p < 0.0001) and satisfactory repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.46–0.808, p ≤ 0.0002). Performance on key CIT test parameters deteriorated with increasing age (r = 0.225–0.478, p < 0.01) and MDS-UPDRS-III total score (r = 0.354–0.481, p < 0.0001). When compared to controls and patients with less motor impairment, patients MDS-UPDRS-III > 30 took longer to complete CIT and VST and had lower MOCA-attention sub-score, implying that the degree of motor impairment could not be the sole explanation for reduced CIT performance. Conclusions: We established that despite motor impairment, the novel approach of using smartphone technology to test interference in PD patients is feasible.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Feasibility of Smartphone-Based Testing of Interference in Parkinson’s Disease

2018

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“…The original norms (Regard, 1981) were published with a wide age range but of limited sample size (n=126; age range 20-94 years), and therefore may not capture the full spectrum across age, education and gender. Additional normative data are published for elderly (aged 50+) individuals (Bayard, Erkes, & Moroni, 2011) and for a relatively small (n=272) community sample of individuals aged 18-94 (Troyer, Leach, & Strauss, 2006). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Normative Data for the CERAD Word List and Victoria Stroop Test in Younger- and Middle-Aged Adults: Cross-Sectional Analyses from the Framingham Heart Study

Hankee

Preis

Piers

et al. 2016

Experimental Aging Research

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Objective To provide baseline normative data on tests of verbal memory and executive function for non-demented young to middle age adults. Methods The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word List task (CERAD-WL) and Victoria Stroop Test (VST) were administered to 3362 Framingham Heart Study (FHS) volunteer participants aged 24-78 years. Analyses of the effects of age, sex and education were conducted. Normative data on traditional measures and error responses are reported for each test. Results Traditional measures were significantly associated with both age and education in this younger-aged cohort. Error responses also evidenced significant age and education effects. Conclusion These data provide a normative comparison for assessment of verbal memory and executive functioning capabilities in young adults and may be utilized as a tool for preclinical studies of disease in younger aged adults.

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“…Thus, a negative IG value represents a pathological ability to inhibit interference, where a lower score means greater difficulty in inhibiting interference. Six articles (Troyer et al, 2006;Bayard et al, 2011;Campanholo et al, 2014;Bezdicek et al, 2015;Hankee et al, 2016;Tremblay et al, 2016) adopted the Victoria Stroop Test. In this version, three conditions are assessed: the C and the CW correspond to the equivalent conditions of the original version of the test (Stroop, 1935), while the W condition includes common words which do not refer to colors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Troyer et al, 2006;Bayard et al, 2011;Campanholo et al, 2014;Bezdicek et al, 2015;Hankee et al, 2016;Tremblay et al, 2016 • Completion time for each condition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroop Color and Word Test

2007

Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics

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The Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) is a neuropsychological test extensively used to assess the ability to inhibit cognitive interference that occurs when the processing of a specific stimulus feature impedes the simultaneous processing of a second stimulus attribute, well-known as the Stroop Effect. The aim of the present work is to verify the theoretical adequacy of the various scoring methods used to measure the Stroop effect. We present a systematic review of studies that have provided normative data for the SCWT. We referred to both electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar) and citations. Our findings show that while several scoring methods have been reported in literature, none of the reviewed methods enables us to fully assess the Stroop effect. Furthermore, we discuss several normative scoring methods from the Italian panorama as reported in literature. We claim for an alternative scoring method which takes into consideration both speed and accuracy of the response. Finally, we underline the importance of assessing the performance in all Stroop Test conditions (word reading, color naming, named color-word).

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Victoria Stroop Test: Normative Data in a Sample Group of Older People and the Study of Their Clinical Applications in the Assessment of Inhibition in Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 93 publications

References 25 publications

Feasibility of Smartphone-Based Testing of Interference in Parkinson’s Disease

Feasibility of Smartphone-Based Testing of Interference in Parkinson’s Disease

Population Normative Data for the CERAD Word List and Victoria Stroop Test in Younger- and Middle-Aged Adults: Cross-Sectional Analyses from the Framingham Heart Study

Stroop Color and Word Test

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