During the preparation of this book, in December 2011, Christopher Hitchens, the internationally renowned British-American writer, journalist and political agitator, died from esophageal cancer. Hitchens had become famous -and infamous -for a variety of reasons, but in his inal years he had used his public proile most effectively to denounce religion and call for what he called a 'renewed Enlightenment ' (2007: 283). For Hitchens, religion is the 'main source of hatred in the world', 1 the cause of countless wars and inexcusable human suffering; it is also based on ignorance and is an enemy of 'free enquiry', so that tackling the 'problem' of religion, as Hitchens sees it, is about raising awareness and engaging in a free public debate about the 'proper' bases of knowledge. It is quite understandable then that Hitchens should choose to promote his book God is Not Great not by engaging the intellectual classes of the American East Coast, but by holding a series of public debates among religious conservatives across the Deep South. Hitchens's criticism of religion sits to some extent within a long-standing tradition of post-Enlightenment rationalism, championed by igures like Thomas Jefferson, who, like Hitchens, associated the 'new world' with freedom not just from old political ties, but also from the tyranny and ignorance of traditional religion. Indeed, it was Jefferson who rewrote the Christian New Testament as an account of Jesus as an ethical teacher, with all reference to miracles expunged for the more enlightened, modern reader (Jefferson 2006). Despite his indebtedness to well-known proponents of the Enlightenment, Hitchens's perspective is also irmly rooted in the circumstances of the contemporary world. A 'renewed Enlightenment' could be ushered in on the back of a broader democratization of knowledge, which in turn is part of the collapse of old hierarchies and the levelling effects of the World Wide Web. Religion can be challenged anew because the late modern age is one in which knowledge is no longer the preserve of a privileged few, but accessible to the masses via media that empower as well as intellectually enrich.