Victimization and PTSD-like states in an Icelandic youth probability sample

Bödvarsdóttir, Íris; Elklit, Ask

doi:10.1186/1471-244x-7-51

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These negative life events were included because it has been shown that not only experiences that meet Criterion A1, but also other intense negative experiences in the family environment can be associated with traumatic responses in adolescents [12]. Psychometric data is not yet available for the negative life event measures but data from multiple studies supports that the events included in the 20 item questionnaire are frequently experienced by youths across nations and cultures and that they are potentially traumatizing [12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In accordance with earlier studies on PTSD prevalence, a gender difference was expected with females fulfilling the criteria for PTSD significantly more often than males. General population studies find that even though males are more likely to experience traumatic life events, females develop PTSD approximately twice as often as males [12,13,15,19]. Based on previous findings, children living in single parent-households were expected to be more exposed to traumatizing events leading to PTSD than children living with both their parents [12].…”

Section: The Indian Perspective and The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In six studies of traumatic events and lifetime PTSD in national probability or total youth samples [12][13][14][15][16][17], prevalence of traumatic events and PTSD has been estimated for adolescents in Denmark, Iceland, Lithuania, the Faroe Islands, Israel and Kenya. The exposure to at least one potentially traumatizing event in these studies varied from 74% -94% for females and 78% -89% for males.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Victimization and PTSD in an Indian youth sample from Pune City

Rasmussen

Karsberg²,

Karstoft

et al. 2013

OJEpi

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Background: Indian adolescents are presumably exposed to a range of potentially traumatizing and negative life events. However, the knowledge on this area is relatively sparse. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of exposure to potentially traumatizing and negative life events and the occurrence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among a specific sample of Indian adolescents. Method: A sample of 411 Indian 9th graders (M = 14.15 years), from two private schools in Pune City answered a questionnaire about 1) socio-demographical background and 2) the direct or indirect exposure to 20 specific, potentially traumatizing and negative life events. Also, they filled out Part IV of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ-IV) to assess their level of PTSD-symptoms. Results: 70% of the females and 85% of the males had been exposed to or witnessed at least one traumatizing or negative life event. The mean number of experienced events was 2.5. The most common events were: death of someone close, traffic accidents, serious illness, witnessing the injury or killing of others, and coming close to being injured or killed. The prevalence of PTSD was 10%. Males reported higher direct as well as indirect exposure than females to all events, while no significant gender difference was found in the prevalence of PTSD. Living in a single-parent household meant increased risk of developing PTSD. Conclusion: Exposure to potentially traumatizing events was comparable to that seen in similar studies in Western European youth samples. Prevalence of PTSD was also in the same range. This may be attributable to a number of protective factors associated with the specific sample. Males were exposed to more potentially traumatizing events than females, but contradictory to most other studies, no gender difference in prevalence of PTSD was seen. These differences in comparison to earlier studies might reflect cultural and national circumstances that distinguish this Indian sample from Western European countries previously investigated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Indian Perspective and The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Victimization and PTSD in an Indian youth sample from Pune City

Rasmussen

Karsberg²,

Karstoft

et al. 2013

OJEpi

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“…Exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs; i.e., exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) is present worldwide among youth (Gunaratnam & Alisic, 2017;Kolaitis, 2017;Takada et al, 2018). For example, studies conducted in Europe show that 15% of Dutch primary school-aged children (Alisic et al, 2008), 56% of Swiss adolescents (Landolt, Schnyder, Maier, Schoenbucher, & Mohler-Kuo, 2013), and up to 79% of Icelandic adolescents (Bödvarsdóttir & Elklit, 2007), reported exposure to at least one traumatic event. In the USA, Copeland, Keeler, Angold, and Costello (2007) reported that more than two thirds of American children and adolescents had been exposed to one or more PTEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UCLA PTSD reaction index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5): a psychometric study of adolescents sampled from communities in eleven countries

Đorić

Stevanović²,

Stupar³

et al. 2019

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background : Children and adolescents are often exposed to traumatic events, which may lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is therefore important for clinicians to screen for potential symptoms that can be signs of PTSD onset. PTSD in youth is a worldwide problem, thus congruent screening tools in various languages are needed. Objective : The aim of this study was to test the general psychometric properties of the Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index for children and adolescents (UCLA PTSD) Reaction Index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5) in adolescents, a self-report instrument intended to screen for trauma exposure and assess PTSD symptoms. Method : Data was collected from 4201 adolescents in communities within eleven countries worldwide (i.e. Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, Palestine-Gaza, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, and Serbia). Internal consistency, discriminant validity, and a confirmatory factor analysis of a four-factor model representing the main DSM-5 symptoms of the PTSD-RI-5 were evaluated. Results : The PTSD-RI-5 total score for the entire sample shows very good reliability (α = .92) as well as across all countries included (α ranged from .90 to .94). The correlations between anxiety/depressive symptoms and the PTSD-RI-5 scores were below .70 indicating on good discriminant validity. The four-factor structure of the scale was confirmed for the total sample and data from six countries. The standardized regression weights for all items varied markedly across the countries. The lack of a common acceptable model across all countries prevented us from direct testing of cross-cultural measurement invariance. Conclusions : The four-factor structure of the PTSD-RI-5 likely represents the core PTSD symptoms as proposed by the DSM-5 criteria, but there could be items interpreted in a conceptually different manner by adolescents from different cultural/regional backgrounds and future cross-cultural evaluations need to consider this finding.

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“…In three Nordic societies, the prevalence of direct or indirect exposure to traumatic events among 14-and 15-year-old children has been reported to range from 70% to 90% (20)(21)(22)(23); such exposure includes events such as the death of a family member and a serious accident. Despite this high prevalence rate, the majority of the re-victimization literature appears to focus on the relationship between child maltreatment and sexual re-victimization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between child maltreatment and exposure to traumatic events during later adolescence and young adulthood

Schouwenaars¹,

Murphy²,

Elklit³

2016

Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology

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Objective: The present study investigated the relationship between different types of childhood maltreatment (emotional abuse, sexual abuse, multiple abuse types, and no abuse) and the occurrence of later traumatic events during later adolescence and young adulthood. Method: Data were collected from a Danish national study conducted by The Danish National Centre for Social Research in 2008 and 2009. A sample of 4718 young adults who were 24 years old was randomly selected using the total birth cohort of children born in 1984. A structured interview was conducted during which participants were asked about a range of traumatic and abusive experiences. Results: A response rate of 63% was achieved for a total sample size of 2980. Chi-squared analyses revealed significant relationships between all child maltreatment groups and direct exposure to 10 of the 13 traumatic events; there were also significant relationships between all child maltreatment groups and indirect exposure to 12 of the 13 traumatic events. Conclusion:The results showed that childhood maltreatment was associated with increased risk of exposure to traumatic events, both directly and indirectly, during adolescence and young adulthood. The findings of this study suggest there is an increased risk of being exposed to both direct and indirect traumas during later adolescence and young adulthood after any form of child maltreatment.

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Victimization and PTSD-like states in an Icelandic youth probability sample

Cited by 40 publications

References 13 publications

Victimization and PTSD in an Indian youth sample from Pune City

Victimization and PTSD in an Indian youth sample from Pune City

UCLA PTSD reaction index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5): a psychometric study of adolescents sampled from communities in eleven countries

The relationship between child maltreatment and exposure to traumatic events during later adolescence and young adulthood

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