Victimization and Gender Identity in Single-Sex and Mixed-Sex Schools: Examining Contextual Variations in Pressure to Conform to Gender Norms

Drury, Kate; Bukowski, William M.; Velásquez, Ana María; Stella-Lopez, Luz

doi:10.1007/s11199-012-0118-6

Cited by 54 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The lack of positive associations of androgynous and female GROs with HRQOL among males may stem from the increasing importance of gender conformity during early adolescence. Because the sample consists of young adolescents, adherence to female gender roles possibly results in peer rejection [8,48]. Moreover, the prevalence of machismo among Hispanics may explain why female GRO is associated with poorer HRQOL, consistent with reports of its association with anxiety [5,9].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Gender role orientation is associated with health-related quality of life differently among African-American, Hispanic, and White youth

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Gender role orientation is associated with health-related quality of life differently among African-American, Hispanic, and White youth

et al. 2015

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“…Adolescents give careful consideration to the image they present online, conveying a socially acceptable self-image to others by sharing content popular with friends [28]. They place a great importance on peer norms and acceptance [29], identifying with their friends and generally with those of the same gender [30]. As social media sites allow users to connect with friends extensively [31], they are a powerful means for transmitting norms, ideas and behaviours.…”

Section: Adolescents and Peers Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

See, Like, Share, Remember: Adolescents’ Responses to Unhealthy-, Healthy- and Non-Food Advertising in Social Media

Murphy

Corcoran

Tatlow‐Golden

et al. 2020

IJERPH

106

108

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Media-saturated digital environments seek to influence social media users’ behaviour, including through marketing. The World Health Organization has identified food marketing, including advertising for unhealthy items, as detrimental to health, and in many countries, regulation restricts such marketing and advertising to younger children. Yet regulation rarely addresses adolescents and few studies have examined their responses to social media advertising. In two studies, we examined adolescents’ attention, memory and social responses to advertising posts, including interactions between product types and source of posts. We hypothesized adolescents would respond more positively to unhealthy food advertising compared to healthy food or non-food advertising, and more positively to ads shared by peers or celebrities than to ads shared by a brand. Outcomes measured were (1a) social responses (likelihood to ‘share’, attitude to peer); (1b) brand memory (recall, recognition) and (2) attention (eye-tracking fixation duration and count). Participants were 151 adolescent social media users (Study 1: n = 72; 13–14 years; M = 13.56 years, SD = 0.5; Study 2: n = 79, 13–17 years, M = 15.37 years, SD = 1.351). They viewed 36 fictitious Facebook profile feeds created to show age-typical content. In a 3 × 3 factorial design, each contained an advertising post that varied by content (healthy/unhealthy/non-food) and source (peer/celebrity/company). Generalised linear mixed models showed that advertisements for unhealthy food evoked significantly more positive responses, compared to non-food and healthy food, on 5 of 6 measures: adolescents were more likely to wish to ‘share’ unhealthy posts; rated peers more positively when they had unhealthy posts in their feeds; recalled and recognised a greater number of unhealthy food brands; and viewed unhealthy advertising posts for longer. Interactions with sources (peers, celebrities and companies) were more complex but also favoured unhealthy food advertising. Implications are that regulation of unhealthy food advertising should address adolescents and digital media.

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“…The gender composition of an adolescent's circle of friends may affect the relationship between friends' gender norms and STEM choices in two ways. First, scholars have argued that the pressure to conform to gender-stereotypical norms is greater in same-sex groups than in mixed-sex groups (Drury, Bukowski, Velásquez, & Stella-Lopez, 2013;Leaper & Smith, 2004;Martin & Fabes, 2001). This is because gender becomes more salient among same-sex friends, since the division between their "own" gender and the "other" gender is more pronounced.…”

Section: Friends' Gender Norms and Gender Composition Of The Friend Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender norms and STEM: the importance of friends for stopping leakage from the STEM pipeline

Vleuten

Steinmetz

Werfhorst

2018

Educational Research and Evaluation

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More women are now entering male-dominated fields, yet, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) remain dominated by men. We examined the association between boys' and girls' STEM choices after secondary education and friends' gender norms, and whether pressure to conform to traditional gender norms differs depending on the gender composition of the friend group. Drawing on 3 waves of longitudinal data (N = 744) from the Netherlands, our sample consists of adolescents in STEM trajectories in secondary education. Their retention in STEM after secondary education gives us a better understanding of gender-specific "leakage" from the STEM pipeline. We found that girls' likelihood of choosing STEM decreased drastically when friends had more traditional gender norms. Friends with traditional gender norms had less effect on boys. Nonetheless, boys with only same-sex friends were more likely to enter STEM. Our findings indicate that an environment with gender-normative ideas pushes girls out of the STEM pipeline.

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Victimization and Gender Identity in Single-Sex and Mixed-Sex Schools: Examining Contextual Variations in Pressure to Conform to Gender Norms

Cited by 54 publications

References 40 publications

Gender role orientation is associated with health-related quality of life differently among African-American, Hispanic, and White youth

Gender role orientation is associated with health-related quality of life differently among African-American, Hispanic, and White youth

See, Like, Share, Remember: Adolescents’ Responses to Unhealthy-, Healthy- and Non-Food Advertising in Social Media

Gender norms and STEM: the importance of friends for stopping leakage from the STEM pipeline

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